European
Science Foundation (ESF)
Final Report of Five-Year
Programme:
in the Mediterranean Muslim World (ISMM)
Chair and founder of
programme:
Scientific coordinator
and publication editor-in-chief:
Dr. Randi Deguilhem,
habil., charge de recherche habilite CR1 au CNRS, IREMAM-MMSH,
Aix-en-Provence, France
Steering
Committee:
Karin Adahl,
Uppsala University, Stockholm
Alessandra AVANZINI, Pisa University, Italy
Johann Christoph Brgel, Berne University, Switzerland
Giovanna CALASSO, Rome University, Italy
Mohammed-Hdi CHRIF,
Tunis University, Tunisia
Felice DASSETTO, Catholic University of Louvain-la Neuve,
Belgium
John DAVIS, Oxford University, Great Britain
Paul DUMONT, Strasbourg University, France
Leila FAWAZ, Tufts University, Boston, USA
Ulrich HAARMANN (+), Freie University, Berlin, Germany
Jan HJRPE, Lund University, Sweden
Remke KRUK, Rijks University, Groningen, The
Netherlands
Manuela MARN, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
Tuomo MELASUO, Tampere University, Finland
Gretty MIRDAL, Copenhagen University, Denmark
Robin OSTLE, St. Johns College, Oxford University,
Great Britain
Ehud TOLEDANO, Tel Aviv University, Israel
Zafer TOPRAK, Bosphorus University, Istanbul
Knut VIKOR, Bergen University, Norway
TEAM LEADERS
Team One: Klaus
KREISER, Bamberg University, Germany
Team Two: Walter
DOSTAL, Vienna University, Austria
Team Three: Paul
DUMONT, Strasbourg University, France
Team Four: Zafer
TOPRAK, Bosphorus University, Turkey
Team Five: Robin
OSTLE, Oxford University, Great Britain
Team Six: Mercedes Garca-ARENAL, CSIC,
Spain
Team Seven: Felice
DASSETTO, Catholic University of Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Editorial
Board:
programme chair:
Robert ILBERT, University of Aix-Marseille I, MMSH,
Aix-en-Provence, France
Editorial Board:
Paul DUMONT, Strasbourg University, France
Leila FAWAZ, Tufts University, Boston, USA
Ulrich HAARMANN (+), Freie University, Berlin, Germany
Remke KRUK, Rijks University, Groningen, The Netherlands
Manuela MARN, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
Researchers from the following
countries participated in this programme:
In total, over 300 researchers from 26 countries participated in the
plenaries, semainars and workshops in this programme:
Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Israel, Italy,
Lebanon, Morocco, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, The
Netherlands, Tunisia, Turkey, United States
(For a cartographic depiction of participants in
the ESF ISMM
programme in relation to their country of origin or work, please see map at the
end of this report.)
Contents of Final Report:
Part TWO: Organisation
of the programme
Part FOUR: Future
activities
Part FIVE: Programme
publications
Part
SIX: Activity summary: plenaries, seminars and workshops (from May 1996 to May 2000)
Information concerning the budget for this
programme is found in a separate annex.
Origins
of the programme:
The
origin of this research programme in the Humanities goes back to 1991 when the
ESF Standing Committee for the Humanities asked its newly nominated subject
representative in the field of Islamic studies, Robert Ilbert of Aix-Marseille
I
University/MMSH, Aix-en-Provence, to launch a programme on the Islamic world
which was to become Individual and Society in the Mediterranean
Muslim World. The idea for the programme therefore came from the ESF
itself.
In
concertation with the ESF, Robert Ilbert
chose to prepare this programme by establishing a small group of experts in the
field of Islamic studies for the purpose of developing an appropriate
problematic and for creating the organisation itself of the programme. This
groups meetings were financed by the ESF and this experience gave birth to
what is known today as the ESF Exploratory Workshops.
The
initial group of scholars consisted of Robert Ilbert,
Nabil Bayhoum (American
University of Beirut), Walter Dostal
(Vienna University), Heinz Halm
(Orientalisches Seminar, Tbingen University), M. E. Yapp (School of Oriental and African Studies, London) and P.
S. van Koningsveld (Leiden University).
Several other prominent scholars in the field were then invited to join the
group and to participate in the three initial preparatory meetings which
occurred in 1993, 1994 and 1995.
Originally
conceived as a research programme on the Islamic world concentrating upon the
contemporary period, the orientation quickly turned towards the humanities.
Ideas were developped by Robert Ilbert (Aix-Marseille I University), Michael Gilsenan and Robin Ostle (both of Oxford University)
during an initial meeting sponsored by the ESF in Oxford in 1993; these three
scholars were joined at this meeting by other leading researchers in the field.
An initial proposal, Processes of Change in Religious Traditions, was
submitted to the ESF Standing Committee of Humanities which met in Bonn in
1993. This proposal was, however, rejected by the SCH at which time Robert
ILBERT was subsequently asked to prepare a new working meeting to further
develop ideas. This working meeting, which took place in Aix-en-Provence in 1994,
provided the venue where the programme which became known as Individual and
Society in the Mediterranean Muslim World (ISMM) was definitively
outlined and drafted.
This
relatively long organisational process permitted for the constitution of a
founding group for the programme known as the Oxford Group. The ideas,
initially discussed in Oxford in 1993 and developped in Aix in 1994, were
further elaborated during the 1995 Sitges meeting in Spain whose main ideas
were published in 1998: Individual and Society in the Mediterranean Muslim
World:
Questions and Sources/Individu et socit dans le monde mditerranen
musulman : questions et sources, dir. Robert ILBERT,
ed. Randi Deguilhem,
Aix-en-Provence, Paul Roubaud, ISBN 2-9512731-0-X, 1998, 160p.
Finally,
the first Steering Committee meeting of the new ESF Humanities four-year ISMM programme
(later extended to five years) took place in Strasbourg on 5 February 1996. The
first plenary which officially opened the research in the ISMM programme
was held in Grenada, Spain, in May 1996 during which the seven individual teams
began to function as separate entities.
Initial Aims of programme:
Research aims:
The research of the ISMM programme has
focused on reversing current trends of examining the Mediterranean Muslim world
nearly exclusively from the viewpoint of concentrating upon its cultural
specificities and, in particular, through Islam. Mediterranean Muslim
societies, as is the case with most modern and contemporary societies and
certainly a truism of the ones studied in this programme, are naturally very
diverse and cannot solely be characterised by their religious nature. Indeed,
not only is the Mediterranean Muslim world a multi-religious environment with
large components of Christian (historically present throughout the entire
region and mostly found today in Egypt, Syria, Lebanon and Syria but also in
North Africa) and Jewish communities (also historically present throughout the
region and today, of course, largely located in Israel except for small populations
still located in all the Mediterranean Muslim world) but there is also great
diversity within the different individual religious worlds themselves.
Furthermore, the Mediterranean Muslim world encompasses multi-linguistic and
multi-ethnic groups (Arabic, Turkish, Kurdish, Armenian, Kabyle, local dialects
which may represent a language of their own or which are a mixture of several
languages, etc.).
For the purpose of delving deeply into Mediterranean Muslim societies,
the preparatory workshops decided to focus research in the programme upon the
study and analysis of the smallest unit in society upon which are subsequently
built concentric and sometimes overlapping networks, that is, upon the
relationships between the individual and society by proposing a complex
interpretation of these relationships. Taking a long chronological approach,
the programme has based its research within the longue dure (from the medieval period up until today), thereby going beyond the
classical historical study of the
Mediterranean Muslim world which divides the research into predefined time
slots.
As for the choice of geographical space studied within this programme,
the three preparatory meetings again played a vital role. In order to be able
to deepen the empirical and theoretical work around the predetermined seven
working themes, it was decided to concentrate and restrict the research the
Mediterranean basin and Northern Europe (for the contemporary period).
Strong emphasis was placed on cross-disciplinary research in the
programme and thus it became common in the programme for a combination of
historians, sociologists, ethnographers, anthropologists, geographers,
political scientists, linguists and literature specialists to work together on
research themes within the framework of the teams
Finally, another crucial aspect of this programme is the fact that it
provided an opportunity to go beyond the Orientalism/social science clivage by
means of the participation by experts from the Arab and Turkish worlds who led
research teams (team four) and/or seminars and workshops (teams two, three and
four) as well as scholars from the Arab countries and Turkey who participated
in the overall research in the seven teams.
Overcoming another clivage all too present within the European (and
U.S.) academic world, this programme concentrated upon mixing researchers who
either specialise on the Arab or Turkish/Ottoman worlds (more and more younger
researchers are, however, beginning to specialise in both areas) into the same
research team, thereby rendering obsolete the artificial separation between
Ottomanists and Arabists.
Intellectual framework
The general intellectual framework for the ISMM programmes research was initially articulated largely around ideas
expressed by Norbert ELIAS (La socit des individus, Paris, Fayard, 1991) and Louis DUMONT that the process of
individuation which allows a person to differentiate himself or herself from
others presupposes a certain liberty in ideological, religious, political and
economic choice which only began to arise on a large scale in the
post-Gutenberg (manuscript vs. book culture resulting in a larger literacy
rate) and Enlightenment era (religion being restricted to the private sphere,
persons having a larger voice in politics, etc.). Yet, this growing liberty of
choice, which puportedly made possible the increasing emergence of unique
individuals, was simultaneously tempered by unconscious and conscious communal,
societal and political influences exerted upon the individual.
Taking this supposition as its theoretical point of departure, the
programme founders and, later, the participants in the ISMM research, theorised whether the process of individuation in the
Mediterranean Muslim milieu would be comparable to the European experience or whether
a completely new paradigm would need to be developped to understand this
process. In fact, notwithstanding the oft-repeated concept in the West that the
very essence of Islam personifies a uniform community of persons intimately and
inextricably associated with one another in pursuit of religiously-oriented
objectives, research in this programme as based on the abundant and highly
diverse primary sources dating from the early centuries of Islam to the present
day, has shown that throughout its more than fourteen centuries of existence,
the Islamic world has fostered a society of differentiated individuals who
pursue their own personal itineraries as well as taking part in their immediate
and larger environments - and this despite the newly published collective book,
The Predicament of the Individual in the Middle East, ed. Hazim Saghie (London, Saqi Books, 2001).
While studying a problematic very much in the forefront of current
humanities research in Europe, namely, that concerning the characteristics
related to the individuation processes of the person and its historical
emergence as attested to by recent symposia (such as that presided by Pascal
Michon, La notion dindividuation et lՎvolution rcente des sciences
sociales, Collge International de Philosophie, Paris, December 1996), the
focus of the ISSM programme is innovative
in that the seven teams have researched and reflected upon the specificities
and attributes of the individual in the Mediterranean Muslim not only from the
vantage point of mainstream members of society - men and women - but also by
studying the relationships between children - as individuals - and the society
in which they lived, were educated and were socialised. Research was equally
put upon the study of individuals considered to be marginals and
non-conformists (prostitutes, singers, dancers, etc.). Micro-historical and
case-study approaches drawn from primary source material provided in-depth
research whose information came from the interior of the society itself which was
under study.
Even if the objective was to go beyond this aspect, this approach
highlights the value and brings to the fore persons who are not necessarily
studied under classical approches usually used in research on Islamic
societies, namely, women, children and those living on the fringe of society.
It was therefore possible in this way to undertake the research and writing of
the history of these neglected shperes in the Southern Mediterranean basin,
that is, the history of the family and socialisation processes exerted upon
individuals. Over and above individuals themselves, new light was shed upon
social and economic behaviour, including processes related to the enrichment of
the individual, the creation and formulation of individual wealth and career
profiles, even if not all the researchers in the programme agree on the use of
macro and micro-research procedures.
By investigating religious (Sufism, conversion, religious
intellectuals), cultural and artistic experiences in relation to societal
norms, forms and pressures, researchers in the programme have gone beyond the
habitual schemata in studying the individual in the Mediterranean Muslim (and
non-Muslim) environment. New questions have emerged from this approach such as,
for example, that concerning personal creativity, which goes right to the heart
of studying the conduct of each individual.
Although emphasis was sometimes put upon studying the private life of
individuals in the Mediterranean Muslim world - whether mainstream or marginal
individuals -, the focal point of the research in all seven teams always
remained the analysis of relationships between these individuals and the
society in which they lived and functioned.
Outreach aims to the international scientific community:
Over
and above the research aims summarised above, this programme also has the
vocation of reaching out to the larger international scientific community not
directly associated with the programme. In order to attain this goal, we have
been concentrating on the following ideas:
1 -
Publications: From the start of the programme, we had decided to publish almost all
the research carried out within the different teams as well as transversal
themes in the programme for the double purpose of preserving the research in
addition to using the publications as a means of reaching scholars who are not
directly involved in the programme.
The
first publication of the programme, in fact, appeared only 1½ years
after the beginning of the ISMM activities with the publication of Individual and Society in the Mediterranean
Muslim World: Questions
and Sources/Individu et socit dans le monde mditerranen musulman : questions et sources, Aix-en-Provence, Paul Roubaud, ISBN
2-9512731-0-X, 1998, 160p. This book, which was offered to every member in the
ISMM programme attending the July 1998 Istanbul plenary, encapsulated the
principal ideas of the research themes which were developped during the three
preparatory meetings in 1993, 1994 and 1995.
The following subsequent 18
publications in the ISMM
programme which have appeared or are appearing have been organised into four
groups:
-
Local in-house publications: Paul Roubaud, Aix-en-Provence (2
volumes)
-
The Islamic
Mediterranean: English language
publications with IB Tauris, London (8 volumes)
- Individu et
Socit dans le Monde Mditerranen Musulman/Indivdual and Society in the
Mediterranean Muslim World: French/English
language publications with Maisonneuve & Larose, Paris (3 volumes)
- Individu et
Socit dans le Monde Mditerranen Musulman: French/English language publications with IFAO, Cairo
(2 volumes).
- Hors series
publications (4 volumes, details found below in Part Five: publications)
2 -
ISMM activities related to university calendar: Another way of
reaching the larger scientific community and, in particular, young scholars and
PhDs in training, is to establish the programmes seminars and workshops in
function of the university calendar so that scholars who are not directly
associated with the research of the programme may nonetheless listen to the
presentations and present questions on the research. This was possible for the ISMM programme in that
we established many of our activities on the campus of different European
universities in Austria, Finland,
France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
The Netherlands as well as in the Middle East and North Africa in Egypt, Israel
and Tunisia.
3 - Juniors: One of the major aims of the programme was to include juniors scholars
in all events from the start of the programme until its end. This also includes
our programmes publications where junior scholars have been invited to publish
their research. Approximately one-third of the participants in ISMM are junior scholars (PhDs, post-doctorals or newly-hired young faculty
professors).
4 - Presentation of ISMM at
International Association Meetings: Another goal by
which we were able to outreach our research beyond the nucleus of the
programmes participants was by presentating the ISMM programme at international Middle Eastern association conferences in
Europe and in the United States. Three presentations took place. The first
presentation of the ISMM programme was held during the AFEMAM / BRISMES annual
congress which occurred in Aix-en-Provence in July 1996, the second was given
during the annual MESA congress in San Francisco in November 1997 and, finally,
the third will take place during the upcoming AFEMAM congress in Paris in July
2003.
Part TWO: Organisation of the programme
The ISMM research
programme, originally intended to run for a four-year period from 1996 to 2000,
was prolonged until 2001.
The
original core members of the preparatory workshops, the Oxford group led by
Robert ILBERT, organised seven research teams around seven themes related to
questions regarding the individual and society in the Mediterrean Muslim World.
These seven themes, outlined by the Aix-en-Provence (1993), Oxford (1994) and
Sitges (1995) workshops as mentioned in Part One of this report and which are
detailed below, remained the basis for the entire research conducted in the
programme.
Each team was headed by a senior
university professor (the team leader) from Europe or Turkey. Each team leader
(except for team seven) was joined by several other university professors from
Europe, Turkey, the Middle East and North Africa who organised and led seminars
and workshops held around the Mediterranean basin as well as in Northern
Europe. Each team functioned on an autonomous basis although there were
transversal themes that were studied by several groups at different points in
the research (the individuals relationship to property, to the educational
process, to the political system, to personal religious expression, etc.) and
some members participated as a result in more than one teams activities
(details found in Part Six
of this report).
At the beginning of 1997, in
order to ensure the scientific coherency and quality of this very large
research programme which was to encompass the efforts of more than 300
researchers from 26 countries during 3
plenaries, 18 university-year seminars and 30 workshops, the programme chairman, Robert ILBERT, invited a
researcher with the CNRS at IREMAM in Aix-en-Provence, Randi DEGUILHEM, charge de recherche CR1, to coordinate the scientific activities and the
publications of this programme. She accepted this responsibility and
coordinated the scientific activities of the programme and its publications
from 1997 to the present time.
Linguistic
Remarks:
A
comment should be made here concerning the choice of the working language.
Since, by the end of the programme, over 300 scholars from 26 countries
participated in the programmes plenaries, seminars and workshops, we were
faced with making a linguistic choice that would be coherent for all the
scholars. As with almost all European-wide programmes, we decided to use
English as the language of communication. But, in view of the fact that we had
many scholars from North Africa who organised and led some of the activities or
otherwise participated in them, French was also one of the regular working
languages. Moreover, as one of the emphases in the programme was to encourage
regular participation of young scholars in non-European countries, a number of
research papers given in Egypt were presented in Arabic such as in group fours
seminars organised and led by Nelly HANNA for three consecutive years in Cairo
(1997, 1998, 1999) and a workshop in group five organised and led by Robin
OSTLE in Cairo (in 2000). Finally, in order to ensure that discussions were understood
by everyone during each Steering Committee and Editorial Board meeting, one of
the bi-lingual French-English members regularly translated remarks between both
languages.
Team
organisation:
The
following section summarises the problematics and research themes studied by
the seven teams during the five years of the programme and which became the
focus for the ensuing publications.[3]
Team 1: Forms of belonging
and modes of social integration
Team led by Klaus KREISER
Individuals become part of society through processes
of socialisation. As they go through such processes, they become members of
intermediary groups and institutions which also contribute - in different ways
- to their individuality and their uniqueness. Such groups/institutions
encompass a persons life from birth to death. These are mostly the family
(nuclear and extended), the household, educational structures, etc. As a
microcosm, all of these mirror relations within society as a whole.
These relationships were studied within the framework of families,
households as well as other social groups that rely on adoption, fictive kin,
etc., as, for example, in the mamlk
system. Large formations, e.g., the army, the bureaucracy and the ulam (religious hierarchy), have their own modes of integration which
include elements of socialisation which are supplementary to formal education.
The school is of particular importance amongst the various institutions
which contribute to the integration of individuals in society. From the maktab to the madrasa, how do educational
programmes first shape the child, then the adolescent and the adult? To what
extent do privileged relations between students and teachers play a role in
socialisation processes? What is the non-religious educational role in the transmission
of knowledge and in an individuals social training?
Studying the family also means trying to pinpoint a key moment in any
individuals existence: childhood. Though generally absent from studies,
childhood has represented a priority investigative field in this team. Another
theme which was underlined in this teams research is the role of women in
relation to the processes of social reproduction (Bourdieu paradigm) and social
integration. In spite of the recent development of gender studies, there are
still numerous questions posed concerning this subject. In particular, one must
question the nature of womens bonds with tradition, asking if women are
devoted to the mere transmission of norms and values or if they have any space
and what kind of space in which to innovate in this domain.
Team Leader Individual Summary Report:
Das Team arbeitete in drei
mehrtgigen Workshops (Mulhouse 1997, Salamanca 1998, Mnchen 1999) und
organisierte drei mehrersemestrige Seminare an den Universitten Bamberg und
Haifa sowie am Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas in Madrid. Mitglieder des Teams nahmen
auerdem mit 10 Beitrgen am Istanbuler Zwischenbilanz-Workshop von 1998 teil.
Die Annherung an die
gemeinsame groe Frage des Programms nach der Rolle des Individuums in der
Gesellschaft des islamisch geprgten Mittelmeerraums erfolgte im Teilprojekt
[section] 1 aus zwei Richtungen. 1) Der methodische Zugang war mit einer kritischen Ausbreitung
und Aufarbeitung der Quellen verbunden. 2) Die systematische Behandlung war durch Kategorien wie
Lebensalter, Geschlecht und Bildung vorgegeben.
Dabei wurde - wie in anderen
Teilprojekten- nicht unterstellt, dass das sdliche bzw. stliche
Mittelmeerbecken a priori eine rumlich-kulturelle Einheit bildet.
Auch sonst blieb die Arbeitsgruppe bei der Entwicklung von Annahmen, die ber
mittelgroe Geschichtsrume hinausgehen, zurckhaltend. Unsere
Forschungsfrage im engeren Sinn nach der Sozialisierung von Individuen durch
Familie, erweiterten Haushalt, formale und informelle Erziehung usw. hat
gleichwohl nicht auf theoretische Konzeptionalisierungen verzichtet. Das gilt
insbesondere fr den Umgang mit (auto)biographischen Materialien, die Rolle der
Schule und die historische Frauenforschung.
Die Suche nach dem Individuum stand stets in einem festen Zusammenhang mit der wiederholten Beschreibung von sozialen Gruppen bzw. der ber diese gefhrten Diskurse. Das gilt u.a. fr Sklaven und Freie, Muslime und Nichtmuslime, Trken und Araber.
Eine grndliche tour
dhorizon durch die
arabischen und trkischen Quellenlandschaften war angesichts einer unseres
Erachtens nicht ausreichend reflektierten Benutzung von mehr oder weniger
authentischen Primrmaterial unerlsslich. In mehreren Arbeitsgruppen und
Vortrgen wurden fast alle denkbaren literarischen und historischen Genres von
Kleinformen wie Sprichwrtern bis zu vielbndigen Enzyklopdien frmlich
durchkmmt. Auch Zeugnisse der bildenden Kunst fehlten nicht. Es kam zur
Freilegung von ganz unbekanntem Material, aber auch, was besonders
hervorgehoben werden muss, zur neuen Lesung bekannter Quellen von klassischem
Rang.
Anders als in wirtschafts- und
sozialgeschichtlichen Kontexten wurden statistische Auswertungen, zu denen die
groen seriellen Quellen (wie die Kadiamtsprotokolle) verlocken in den
Hintergrund gedrngt und damit die Frage ihrer Reprsentativitt. Die meisten
Beitrge bewegten sich dabei auerhalb des aktuellen Spannungsfeldes von
Positivismus und Postmodernismus. Manche Teilnehmer nherten sich Problemfeldern
der Rechtssoziologie, ohne ber islamisches Recht strictu sensu sprechen zu wollen.
Viele Teilnehmer verbanden die
Diskussion der Quellen mit der Frage nach ihrer Eignung, soziale Realitten zu rekonstruieren. Die berwiegende
skeptische Distanz unterschied sich deutlich von dem bisher von Historikern,
Literaturwissenschaftlern oder
Rechtssoziologen vertretenen Optimismus, wurde aber ausgeglichen durch
eine frische Behandlung der vor- und frhislamische Poesie, der
Offenbarungsschriften oder der romantische Epen. So wurden sonst schwerer
erfassbare Mentalittsvernderungen (Stichwort Depersonalisierung) im Laufe
der islamischen Jahrhunderte sichtbar gemacht. Gerichtsprotokolle lassen das
handelnde und leidende Individuum erkennen. Autobiographische Zeugnisse aus dem
frhen 20. Jahrhundert eignen sich, um den auerordentlich raschen, jede
Generation erfassenden Wandel der patriarchalischen Familie zu zeigen.
Die zeitlich und rumlich weit
auseinander liegenden Pole des Projekts zwischen dem andalusischen 11. und
dem osmanischen 19. Jahrhundert umfassten ein uerst ergiebiges heuristische
Potential. Die Feststellung von hnlichkeiten und Abweichungen war die
Voraussetzung zur Frage nach dem der jeweiligen Normen und Realitten. Es
gengt auf die literarischen und juristischen Quellen hinzuweisen, die in ganz
unterschiedlicher Weise etwa Ausknfte zur Bewegungsfreiheit der Frau im
ffentlichen Raum oder bei ihrer Rolle vor Gericht geben. Rechtstexte, die in
sich sehr disparat sind, erwiesen sich als geeignet, um die Mobilitt von
Individuen im wrtlichen und bertragenen Sinn zu ermessen.
In mehr als einem Teilprojekt
ergnzte Feldforschung das Studium schriftlicher Quellen. Neben traditionellen
Gegenstandsbereichen der Anthologie (wie der religisen Volkskunde) waren
Beitrge zur Oral History
von Bedeutung. In beiden Feldern wurde die Suche nach einem Individuum in den
Vordergrund gestellt, das sich den Rationalittszwngen von Staat und
Wirtschaft zwar nicht entziehen kann, aber doch eigene Formen der Bewltigung
konkreter Lebenssituationen findet.
Das Unterthema Kindheit und
Schule wurde weit gefasst. Er schloss die koranische Auffassung von Kindheit
ebenso ein wie die Verhltnisse zwischen mystischen Lehrmeistern und ihren
Schlern. Dieses Themenbereich berschnitt sich vielfach mit dem Schwerpunkt
Frauengeschichte. Privilegierte Frauen konnten war zwar in allen Jahrhunderten
eine gute Bildung erwarben, hatten aber keine Mglichkeiten, dieses Wissen
weiter zu vermitteln.
Die Lage nderte sich, als im spten 19. Jahrhundert der osmanische Staat Anstrengungen unternahm, berufsbildende Schulen zu grnden, die sich fr muslimische Mdchen aus einfachen Verhltnissen ffnen sollten. Durchaus kontroverse Beitrge entstanden zum Thema der religisen und ethischen Bestandteile in den Lehrplnen des sptosmanischen Schulsystems. Weitere osmanistische Forschungsthemen zu Frauenvereinen und der Wahrnehmung von Kindern in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Reiches konnten integriert werden.
Die Vertreter der
Islamwissenschaft in den verschiedenen Lndern waren, zum Teil seit
Jahrhunderten, mit der Aufarbeitung der groen Themen ihrer als
Nationalgeschichte verstandenen Vergangenheit beschftigt. Anthropologische
bzw. sozialgeschichtliche Fragestellungen hatten auch die regionalspezifischen
Fcher auerhalb des Mittelmeerraums erst spt erreicht. Die Beteiligung der systematisch-methodischen
Disziplinen wie Ethnologie, Soziologie oder Politikwissenschaft blieb bis heute
gering. Die Arbeitsgruppe beabsichtigte einen interdisziplinren und
interkulturellen Polylog. Im Bereich der Kindheits- und Frauengeschichte ist
sie diesem Ziel an vielen Stellen nhergekommen.
Kritik
Mit einer bemerkenswerten
Ausnahme wurde zu selten der Blick auf die nichtmuslimischen Gemeinschaften des Raums geffnet. Die
Bercksichtigung von christlichen und jdischen Gruppen und Individuen htte zu
prziseren Aussagen ber die Islamitt von Traditionen, Rechtsformen,
Glaubenspraktiken in einzelnen Untersuchungsrumen gefhrt.
Es gab zu wenig junge Doktoranden
auf dem Markt, die man mit einem historisch-anthropologischen Programm bei
ihrer Arbeit htte begleiten knnen. Die berwltigende Mehrheit der
Studierenden in islamwissenschaflichen Fchern untersucht heute aktuelle
Themen, viele sind weder sprachlich noch methodisch gerstet, um mit
Primrquellen umzugehen.
Die
zumindest passive Beherrschung der wichtigsten europischen Dialekte (v.a.
Franzsisch, Englisch, Deutsch, Spanisch und Italienisch) ist beklagenswert
gering. [aus Protest gegen diese Tatsache formuliere ich dieses Papier in
deutscherr Sprache.]
Team 2:
Norms and oppositions
Team led by Walter DOSTAL
All societies produce a corpus of legal norms aimed at
regulating the functioning of the social body. One of the principal questions
studied in the programme relates to how the principles of law in Islamic lands - whether religious law as expressed through sharia or secular law issuing from political authority - are translated into
practice in daily life. It is also a question of seeing how norms intended to
be universal adapt to the diversity of spatial and temporal situations.
Finally, mechanisms which have allowed Islamic law to evolve within the heart
of a system theoretically run by sacred law have also been addressed.
In relation to this, the team has also examined the
means by which Muslims have and can challenge the judicial and social frames of
reference. Research
in this team has looked at a particularly acute form of rejecting standards and
of asserting non-conformist identities in the form of marginal persons.
Bandits, lunatics, delinquents, criminals, beggars and heretics of all sorts
living on the edge of society who, in various ways, symbolise opposition to
common rule, have been the focus of study in this team. In the Mediterranean Muslim milieu, where is the borderline between acceptable
behaviour and that which brings on exclusion or banishment? How are outcasts
perceived by other components of the population? How do they live within
society. Do these marginal persons have a role to play in defining the
individual in society?
In another line of thought concerning Mediterranean Muslim societies,
team two examined the mechanisms intended to impose tribal control on the
individual such as norms concerning the protection of the purity of descent,
marriage regulations, protection of life and property, maintaining the tribal
territory, regulations for the exchange of goods, market rules, etc.
Team Leader Individual Summary Report:
Through the great understanding of Prof. R. Ilbert and Dr. R. Deguilhem, we been able to choose the
very neglected subject within the studies of Islamic Law, that is to say, the
study of customary law within the theme of team two: norms and oppositions.
After discussion with scholars in the field of Islamic Law who mainly had
little interest in the topic of customary law since they are supporters of the
positive law schools, we decided to concentrate our efforts on this rather
underestimated field. The point of view of these scholars ignored the fact that
today a Muslim is confronted mainly with three law systems: customary law,
sharia law and modern state law. The number of participants have been limited
by the fact that the selected category of law (customary law) is mainly
unwritten; the participants were therefore chosen by the criteria of their
relevant field research among different Muslim societies in the Eastern
Mediterranean and neighbouring regions.
In our work, we did not concentrate only on
traditional structures, but also on processes of transferring traditional law
under the perspectives of globalisation during present day cultural changes.
Within our workshops, we studied a wide range of samples reaching from Morocco,
the Eastern Mediterranean regions, to Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Somalia. The material
which we produced for publication covers different legal spheres of customary
law, e.g. the market, legal function of saints, influence of the French
colonial power on tribal law in Morocco, etc. Therefore, our research may be
evaluated as a valuable contribution studying different customary law systems
for future anthropological investigation in Muslim groups.
On a logistical level, after the Istanbul meeting in
July 1998, the group split to the breadth of its subject matter into separate
sub-groups which did not interact any longer on a regular base. The interests
of these sub-groups are fairly evident from the published output that they
produced. In the sub-group on customary law, we invited some junior scholars
from Copenhagen, Ankara, Beirut and Vienna. The other sub-groups also made a
special emphasis on inviting junior scholars to participate in the research and
the ensuing publications.
Team 3: Power relationships
Team led by Paul DUMONT
The individual, whether he or she wishes or not, fits
into a network of power relationships which is often very complex. This is true
for each individual, whether that person holds a position of authority or is
subjected to it, whether he has the means of imposing upon those who are
dependant on him or whether he is obliged to hedge between the different forces
which try to impose themselves on him. One of the aims of this teams research
has been to study the ways in which the individual in Mediterranean Muslim
societies can affirm himself as a person within power networks and to look at
the ways in which he can position himself in the social hierarchy and claim his
part of power - or be subject to it.
Attention was also given
to the study of the transformation of an individuals identity as he or she
passed through different phases in life and during which time ones
relationship to power structures modified. For example, a teenager and an
elderly person rarely have the same relation to power. Moreover, even in
stratified or partitioned societies, which is partly the case for the societies
under study in this programme, an individual moves through the social fabric
and perhaps may even change his legal status (a slave becoming a free person).
Moreover, the research in this team has studied individuals which encompass a
multitude of identities within their persons. For example, a renegade may, in
fact, keep a strong attachment to his religion of origin, a local notable who
wields much power within his region may be perceived by the central government
as simply a vulgar strongman, etc.
An individual generally
uses a type of coded language (dress, public behaviour, eating habits, etc.) in
order to affirm his identity and which places him, consciously or unconsciously
within his collective culture. Individual identity is also defined by the
Others perception of him as well as in relation to surrounding groups which
often serve as a means of delineating ones individual and group identity.
Much attention has been given in this teams work towards outlining
these identity models imposed by society or by people in power and to see to
what extent the individual appropriates them, submits to them or rejects them.
Team Leader Individual Summary Report:
Consacre lՎtude
des rapports de pouvoir dans le monde musulman mditerranen, lՎquipe n 3 a
fonctionn sous la forme de deux sminaires rguliers organiss respectivement
Strasbourg-Heidelberg (sminaire transfrontalier franco-allemand) et Tunis.
Plac sous la responsabilit de Paul DUMONT, professeur lUniversit Marc
Bloch de Strasbourg, et Michael URSINUS, professeur lUniversit de
Heidelberg, le sminaire de Strasbourg-Heidelberg a fonctionn durant trois ans
(1996-1997, 1997-1998 et 1998-1999), proposant 13 contributions scientifiques
sur les sources ottomanes et arabes, quil sagisse darchives, de monuments
pigraphiques ou de textes littraires, permettant de cerner les relations
entre individu et pouvoirs. La dernire anne, le sminaire a port plus
particulirement sur les relations entre intellectuels et pouvoir (quatre
contributions). Dirig par les professeurs Mounira CHAPOUTOT-REMADI et
Mohammed-Hdi CHRIF,
le sminaire de Tunis sest tendu, pour sa part, sur deux annes acadmiques
(1996-1997 et 1997-1998). Les vingt contributions qui y ont t prsentes ont
port sur les carrires (premire anne) et sur lindividu ordinaire dans ses rapports avec le pouvoir
(deuxime anne).
Outre ces deux
sminaires, lՎquipe n3 a
galement organis cinq ateliers qui se sont tenus Istanbul (1997), Tampere
(1997), Istanbul (1998), Heidelberg (1999) et Tunis (2000). Organis par Paul
DUMONT, dans le cadre de la facult dhistoire de lUniversit de Bogazii
(Bosphore) Istanbul, le premier de ces ateliers a runi une vingtaine de
participants et sest intress, pour lessentiel, aux profils identitaires
multiples et aux mutations des identits sous leffet des circonstances
variables (crises politiques, progression dans une carrire, etc.). Tenue
linitiative de Tuomo MELASUO, la runion de Tampere a port, pour lessentiel,
sur les transformations identitaires sous leffet de la colonisation. Cet
atelier a rassembl une quinzaine de chercheurs, dont beaucoup venant de pays
nordiques, mais aussi dIsrael, de Turquie et dItalie. Le deuxime atelier
dIstanbul (1998) a fonctionn comme une des sections de la runion plnire du
programme Individu et
socit. LՎquipe n 3 (14 participants)
sest penche, dans ce cadre, sur les lites littraires et politiques, tout en
reprenant, pour lapprofondir, le thme de lindividu ordinaire dans ses relations avec le pouvoir.
Enfin, un colloque organis Hammamet par Abdelhamid Hnia en mai 2000, avec la collaboration de lUniversit de
Tunis, sest employ cerner lindividu comme acteur et objet du pouvoir, tout
en examinant les rapports de lindividu au collectif (19 participants).
Au total, lՎquipe n 3 a
produit plus de cent contributions, dont une bonne partie a circul sous la
forme de documents de travail largement diffuss (notamment sminaires de
Strasbourg-Heidelberg). Dautre part, Tuomo MELASUO a publi deux ouvrages
collectifs regroupant les communications prsentes Tampere dans le cadre
dune runion prparative (1996) et de latelier de 1997 mentionn ci-dessus.
Un autre ouvrage intitul Individu et rapports au pouvoir
dans les socits musulmanes de la Mditerranenne moderne et contemporaine, sous la direction dAbdelhamid Hnia, est actuellement sous presse et
devrait paratre en 2004 aux ditions de lIFAO (Le Caire). Enfin, plusieurs
des contributions prsentes dans les sminaires ou ateliers ont fait lobjet
de publications isoles dans des revues spcialises (Turcica et REMMM notamment). Il convient de prciser que les travaux
prsentes dans le cadre du sminaire Strasbourg-Heidelberg forment un ensemble
assez cohrent prsentant divers types de sources utilisables pour cerner les
individus en terre dIslam. La publication de ces travaux na pu cependant tre
ralise dans les dlais qui avaient t pralablement envisags, le team
leader de lՎquipe n 3 ayant
t entirement mobilis, partir de septembre 1999, par ses responsabilits
la tte de lInstitut Franais d'Etudes Anatoliennes (IFEA) dIstanbul.
Team 4: Modes of production
Team led by Zafer TOPRAK
There is undoubtedly a close correlation between modes
of economic production and the role given to the individual in society.
Consequently, one must also admit that fluctuations of economic mechanisms -
whether these are cycles, crises, stagnation phenomena or inversely, rapid development
-, have a marked influence on the processes of individuation. It therefore
follows that these processes of individuation do not follow a uniform
trajectory and that there may be regressions of individuation just as economic
discontinuance and involutions exist. Thus, for example, one may juxtapose
economic cycles which have marked the history of the Mediterranean Muslim
region between the 10th and 15th centuries with the
almost parallel cycles of the emergence or, according to the case, the effacing
of the individual.
The main issue of the
research here is not to look at the individual in broad general terms but,
rather to individuals as they relate to the process of economic change. What is
the relationship between investment and individual prestige in society? Is
individuation regularly linked to economic transformation? How does the role of
monetary exchange, the accumulation of capital, private ownership and the
preservation of family heritage relate to the individual? International trade
which has often given impetus to the appearance of large private fortunes has
also been examined within the context of the individual and the individuation
of socio-economic behaviour and mechanisms. Since individuation is closely
linked to economic transformation and economy is so deeply embedded in culture,
this teams research has focused on this angle of the problem.
The team also worked on
questions concerning economic innovation and the position of the individual in
the Eastern and Southern Mediterranean whether that
individual belonged to the Muslim, Christian or Jewish community. As the focus
of the study is the emergence of the individual, it was particularly useful to
study the middle strata of society in relation to the follwoing questions:
Under which conditions does the middle class appear? Of what elements are these
classes composed? What functions do they fulfill? What is the situation in
rural surroundings?
Another question looked
at in this group is the position of women in economic production. Countless
examples show that female labour filled a fundamental role in numerous
production sectors, in particular, in textiles. In another sector, it is
important to note that many women were the owners of shops and street-stalls in
the markets, owning substantial amounts of property. In the 19th
century, many industries turned to women for their labour. Did womens active
participation in production allow them to themselves as individuals? Several
studies in this team researched the role of the sexes in the economy of the Mediterranean Muslim region.
Team
Leader Individual Summary Report:
unavailable
Activity Leader
Summary Report:
Activities of Team Four in Cairo :
by Nelly Hanna
The objectives of the team in
Cairo were first of all to reconsider a number of issues related to economic
history in the Mediterranean. The participants were encouraged to rethink some
of the paradigms that have dominated this history such as the positivistic
paradigm, the decline paradigm that saw Middle Eastern economic history as
being static from classical times up to the period of colonial domination and
the incorporation paradigm that considered European capitalism in its relation
to the regions that it subordinated economically. These large themes were
tackled through a number of topics such as trade and crafts, land holding and
rural economies, money and monetary issues.
A second objective was for the
project to offer exposure to young scholars and allow them to present their
work and take part in the discussions. The idea of training young scholars was
an essential part of the objectives of the seminar and as things turned out, a
good part of the people taking part in the seminars and presenting
papers were PhD students from a variety of universities in Cairo and other parts
of Egypt as well as young European and American scholars working in related
fields. The seminars were thus, at the same time, a place for meeting and
exchange among scholars of different generations and different regions of the
world.
Our third objective was to
publish the work. Our seminar took place during four consecutive years from
1997-2000. The papers were collected and published in a single volume entitled,
Money, Land and Trade,
which appeared in 2002 with IB Tauris in London.
One of the achivements of these four years of work, something which was not part of the plan when we started off, was to have met a number of scholars from different institutions. As a matter of fact, the project of the Individual and Society in the Mediterranean Muslim World created opportunities through its seminars in different parts of Europe and the Mediterranean for us to meet French, English, Turkish, Tunisian, Belgian and Italian historians, an experience for those who were part of these seminars that was particularly enriching.
Team 5: Images and representations
Team led by Robin OSTLE
A basic activity of the human species, intellectual
and artistic production (literature, religious thought, philosophy, sciences
and arts) originates both from collective and
creative thought and from a certain input of individual invention. What exactly
is the individuals share in the intellectual output of Muslim societies?
Consequently, what is the weight of communal conventions and mentalities? What
margin of flexibility do scholars and artists have when faced with canons
handed down by tradition and how does society react to the creative individual?
How are intellectual works born and how do they evolve? How are prominent
events arranged in order of importance? What are the periods of silence and
oblivion. How is an exemplary existence defined? How is each life history
divided between stereotypes and individual adventure? These are only some of
the questions studied in the research here.
The study of the
progress of forms, literary clichs, ideas, decorative patterns and, on another
level, an examination of impassioned debates provoked since the earliest
periods by notions of taqld (passive acceptance of authority) or ijtihd (freedom of
interpretation of holy texts) has helped in answering several of the above
questions.
The study of biographies
and auto-biographies offered another angle of study for this team. Whether
literary works or simple standardised notices found in biographical
dictionaries, these materials aided the researchers in team five towards
creating a typology of mans path through life. What are the high points in an
intellectuals life or in that of a saint or a Muslim prince?
This
questioning about the self can be approached in many ways and, in particular,
through the study of iconographic heritage.
Contrary to common belief, the Muslim world has produced a great deal of
figurative art. This art does not consist only of a repertory of aesthetic
forms and canons, but it also reflects mentalities, individual and collective
tastes as well as spiritual preoccupations.
Two
major areas of inquiry for this teams research revolved around the following:
Manifestations of the consciousness of Self on the part of the creative
individual and The Processes of inspiration and innovation and the
legitimation of those processes, both as seen through material culture,
literate culture and manifestations of collective memory.
Team Leader
Individual Summary Report:
The
major challenge faced by this team was to investigate images and
representations of individuals and processes of individuation in contexts in
which the combination of God, the Ruler, and dominant power groups have tended
to reduce individuals to states of conformity, passivity and often silence.The
time-span within which our activities were encompassed extended in the main
from the 14th to the 20th centuries, thus ranging from
the pre-modern to that point beyond which the impact of the Enlightenment
caused significant changes in individual perception, sentiment and self-representation
in Islamic societies of the Mediterranean region. A further challenge faced by
the team is that before the late 19th and 20th centuries,
individual images and representations have to be sought almost exclusively in
written texts.
The work
of team 5 was divided into three specific phases:
(i) Preparatory
Research
This took place in a series of joint seminars organised between the Universities of Oxford and Leiden between October 1996 and May 1997. The purpose of these seminars was to make initial investigations into what might be the most promising areas of research. After May 1997, it was to generate genuinely new work and to prevent the programme from becoming a convenient destination for pre-existing research.
(ii)
Literary Individuation
The first important conclusion to emerge from the Oxford-Leiden seminars was that Individuation in Literature was a subject of central importance which it would be convenient to deal with at an early stage in the programme. This led to the Bern Symposium in July 1997 on the theme: Der Auftrag des Dichters/Schriftstellers in Selbstaussagen. This consisted of presentations by senior and junior scholars on how poets and writers see their missions as individual artists and members of their communities. The material ranged widely in chronological terms from pre-Islamic Arabic poetry to modern Arabic and Turkish literature. Papers on Persian literature were also included as it was decided to add some material from the non-Mediterranean Middle East for purposes of comparative study.
(iii)
Testing Assumptions
In the course of the preparatory research in 1996-97, a number of assumptions were proposed for investigation via a series of workshops in the remaining years of the programme. These assumptions were not restricted to specific workshops, but were often pursued from workshop to workshop, thus encouraging participants to develop their research with a degree of continuity. In this way, a number of participants produced more than one study on particular themes, thus improving the depth and scope of the treatment. These workshops took place in academic institutions at the following venues: Florence (September 1997), Istanbul (July 1998), Leiden (January 1999), London (June 1999) and Cairo (March 2000).
From the beginning, it was a constant concern of the team to involve as many young scholars as possible in the workshops and we usually managed to achieve at least 50% representation of this category.
The
assumptions which were central to our work from 1997-2000 can be described
under the following headings:
Because in the pre-modern Mediterranean Muslim World, dominant power groups and institutions have often obscured individual expression, representations of individuation should be sought in non-official non-mainstream genres and literary types: popular poetry, romances and popular epics.
Individual
personalities will seek subversive forms of activity within rigid social
orders. Examples of this are devices of guise and disguise which enable characters
to change roles, sex, to travel in and out of normally forbidden spaces and to
indulge in romantic love in defiance of social conventions. Other examples
include ludic figures such as fools and jesters who introduce ambiguity into
class and social status.
This
is a vital element of self-definition. Such movement may be spiritual,
intellectual, imaginary or physical. Journeys are voyages of self-definition
and discovery. Representations of the spaces in which individuals live and move
are crucial elements of self-representation.
The impact of the Enlightenment on the Mediterranean Muslim World encourages individual escape from traditional forms of social control and the valorisation of Feeling, Sentimentality and the cult of Solitude. Individuals will identify with ideological utopias which may be national, communal or merely political.
Marginality
will return as a dominant theme in the late 20th century in the
Mediterranean Muslim world as groups and power structures develop in ways which
are profoundly antipathetic to individuals and individuality.
These form three phases reflecting the original divisions of the work of the team:
Marginal
Voices in Literature and Society published by the ESF in
collaboration with the MMSH, Strasbourg and Aix-en-Provence, 2000, volume
directed by Robin Ostle This was designed as an intermediate publication to
illustrate some of the themes which would be the focal points of the future
research. It consists both of mature scholarly articles and working papers
which suggest lines of further investigation.
Conscious
Voices: Concepts of Writing in the Middle East, published by the German
Oriental Institute in Beirut in collaboration with ESF, 1999, volume edited by
Stephan Guth, Priska Furrer and Johann Christoph Brgel. An in-depth
investigation of the central theme of individuation in literature.
The
final and culminating volume of the work of team 5 will be delivered to the
publisher (IB Tauris, London) in mid-2003. This will present the results of the
investigations of the assumptions referred to above. Possible title: Persons
and Passions.
The
most important conclusions which have resulted from the investigation and
testing of the assumptions in workshops between September 1997 and March 2000
are as follows:
Literary
narratives, in both poetry and prose,
have been one of the most significant forms of individual empowerment on the
part of individuals in the Islamic Mediterranean world, both in the pre-modern
and modern periods. Very often expressed through marginal literary genres, the
central topic of such processes of individual empowerment has been the defiance
of social convention through individual aspiration. Such defiance takes the
form of journeys through which individuals develop and refine their identities;
adopting disguises to enable transgression of socially ordained roles; using
humour, satire or buffoonery to relieve social tensions or to blur social
categories; adopting marginal positions or roles to appropriate or
re-appropriate the centre.
However, it became clear
that the point of these apparently subversive strategies is more catharsis than subversion as the social
order is overturned only temporarily and frequently only in imagination rather
than reality. Nevertheless, the most rigid of social systems has to allow for
individual aspiration and self-awareness. Only thus will it be strengthened,
invigorated and ensure its continuity.
The
Journey, both spiritual and physical, emerged as the principal bridge between the
pre-modern and the modern materials studied in the workshops. This was also one
of the most important transversal themes linking our work with other teams.
A History of Passions: One of the most intriguing results of the juxtaposition of pre-modern and modern materials was that it demonstrated the different ways in which individual emotion through literary narrative is ordered, emphasised and evolves over a lengthy time span. Because the work in this team has been concerned with both late medieval and modern materials, it has shed much light upon the manner in which the structures of individual feeling have their histories.
Team 6: Religious activity and experience
Team led by Mercedes Garca-ARENAL
The special perspective of this working team is the
personal religious experience (the individual psychological aspect) and its
implications in the form of religious activities and movements. This involves
the study of the role of the individual initiative and its functions. The field
uses studies from the perspective of the psychology and sociology of religion,
in addition to that of philosophy and religion.
What room does Islam, a communal religion aimed at managing all aspects
of a persons social life, leave for the expression of individual tendencies?
Are we in the presence of a closed system, impervious to personal choice and
doctrinal reinterpretations or, on the contrary, does this system allow a
certain amount of free examination? How does Islam fulfil its function as
mediator between the individual and the sacred? These fundamental questions
have been asked many times but within the perspective of the individuals
relation to society and the idea of ijtihd, the research of this group took on
a different and new angle of analysis.
Some of the topics addressed by this team included the relation between
religion and philosophy, particularly regarding the philosophical ijtihd and the tawl connected to it,
distinctions between the khawss
and the awmm (e.g. the Ikhwn
al-Saf), the role of the spread of scientific knowledge, the Islamicist
movements (usliyya), the independence of
philosophy, mystical and Sufi movements, relationships between masters and
pupils, the concepts of baraka and tahra, etc. Some of this research has been interpreted using the Weberian
concept of the charismatic personality and the institutionalisation of
leadership in movements, including revivalist movements.
Conversion was also a widely studied theme from both the individual and
collective perspectives and in relation to the group which the convert abandons
and which he subsequently joins (conversion versus resistance). Within this
topic, syncretism (e.g. in the forms of the cult of saints, mysticism
legitimising an inclusive world view, wahdat al-wujd, etc.).
The study of individual religious practices in relation to communal
worship and the questions surrounding social and religious orthodoxy also
framed part of the research in this team. Aside from studying the individual per
se regarding these questions, the research also analysed
the role of mosques as a place of socialisation and fellowship, a place of
social communication.
Another important topic for the group was the study of milleranism under
a comparative aspect: messianism in the form of mahdism and also the idea of
the mujaddid. Finally, Islamic reformism formed
another research area in team six and studies from the team show that this
phenomenon did not necessarily lead towards greater individuation.
Team Leader Individual Summary Report:
In the first meeting in Granada, the team decided to
work around the following poles or axes of interest:
- conversion to Islam,
- compatibility and tension
between different levels of religiosity,
- individual religiosity and group
belonging.
To say it
in a more general way, this team decided to try to contribute to the issue of
the degree in which Islamic religious experience allows room for individual
variation and on how Islam fullfils its function as mediator between the individual
and the sacred. This has been considered both from a philosophical point of
view, i.e. by approaching the texts and by looking at religious movements and
practices, the nature of Sufi orders, the role of the individual saint or mahdi
in religious and social events, etc., as well as points of rupture such as
conversion or religious dissension, bringing exclusion from the communuty of
believers.
We started with a seminar
which took place during the first year of the programme in Madrid and the
second yearin Bergen and Lund:
Political language and
action and religion
During the
various sessions of this seminar, we discussed ways in which individuals
manipulate religious resources for a political end, how political events
influence the creation of a religious individual such as a mujahid, a mahdi or
a martyr. Attention was also paid to manipulations, variations and forms of
change as well as modes of thought: many are simply the result of choices made
by individuals
We had two set of papers:
- One set dealt with
theoretical issues concerning the relation between politics of the state and
religion.
- The other discussed specific
cases or movements, many of them related one way or another to Sufism.
One of the
more important points of discussion was the nature of Islamic tradition on the
political field. Many of the papers discussed how this tradition has been
changed, manipulated, in fact, invented. Many concepts were discussed in
different contexts such as dawla, jihad, itam.
A crucial question may be to
what degree this Tradition is simply used as a storeroom for ideas that actors
can choose and mould freely according to the context or whether it has its own
limits that define how far the actor can manipulate them and to what degree he
can interpret and change it: how this universe of meanings affects the actors
choices. Clearly, this is also linked to acceptance, to how the actor and the
audience defines the line between reasonable interpretation and something which
is un-Islamic or an illegitimate interpretation. And, of course, this line
varies. The papers point to the importance of giving specific attention to the
Tradition, not only through acts of the actors but also before or a part of
these acts.
In addition to the
publication with Maisonneuve & Larose in 2001 (Islamic conversions: Religious identities in the Islamic
Mediterranean), four papers presented in this team (by Knut Vikor, Giovanna Calasso,
Fernando Rodrguez Manas, Francisco Rodrguez Mediano) appeared in Studia Islamica, two (Mercedes
Garca-Arenal, Houari Touati and Maribel Fierro) appeared in the REMMM and two in Awraq. The rest of
the papers not published in Islamic
conversions, Maisonneuve & Larose, 2001, are being prepared by Knut Vikor for publishing elsewhere.
Team 7: Contemporary European Muslim World
Team led by Felice DASSETTO
This team, originally unforseen by the ISMM preparatory meetings whose members envisioned the programmes research
to focus on the humanities, nevertheless was established for the purpose of
completing the picture of the individuals relations to society not only within
the Mediterranean Muslim world but also within the contemporary nothern
European Muslim world.
This teams research has dealt with a geographical area where the
individual is confronted with redefining his and her belonging to Muslim
communities in Europe and therefore making choices regarding other Muslims and
non-Muslims in different European countries. This relationship between local
and global is even more important in the case of a peripheral Islam such as
the European one if, indeed, the situation may be described as such where Islam
is in the process of anchoring and redefining itself and establishing its
connection with other Islamic territories.
In this case, the definition of oneself may be studied from a double
viewpoint. First of all, that which in fact runs through the entire programme
research itself: specify the modality by which individuals manage tension which
defines their belonging between subjectivity and social totality. The second is
related to the question of multiple modalities of local, regional and global
belonging which may exist through networks, the media, etc.
Much of the research in this team has focused on collecting and then
analysing information about European Muslim environments. In varied situations
depending upon the country under study, one thing was in common: the fact that
the individuals under study produced new situations and also the fact that they
themselves were subject to changing circumstances. This being said, the ways in
which these individuals reacted to new and changing situations were very
different. The reactions often depended upon levels of knowledge and power,
upon the choice of different types of religious action, of different methods and
types of belonging and also of the possibility for conversion. These
individuals-social actors also reacted differently depending upon their social
position, their socio-juridical status (questions of nationality), their sex
and their generational position.
Conceptual questions studied by participants in this team focused around
the individual and society, in particular, in relation to how does one
apprehend the notion of individual in the above situations? How does one
differentiate it from subjectivation? And from privacy and intimacy? What are
legitimate representations of the individual and of the collective?
In a similar way, what does the term, society, signify in a society
called post-modern or hyper-modern which induce the appearance of new forms of
communitarianism? How are social ties modified and how does one think about the
individual in this new society? One must try and conceptualise the new Muslim
communities in Europe: its organisations, its associations, its networks.
Team Leader Individual Summary Report:
Le groupe de recherche sur lislam
europen a t constitu la fin 1996. Il est fortement interdisciplinaire
tant compos de scientifiques des disciplines suivantes : histoire,
sociologie, anthropologie, politologie, orientalisme, psychologie. Une partie
de ces personnes ne se connaissaient pas au pralable. Il a fallu donc passer
un certain temps construire un langage plus ou moins commun et circonscrire
une problmatique commune.
Les problmatiques
Individualisation entre individualisme et
nouveau rapport entre individu et collectif
La
question du rapport entre individu et socit est soumise des transformations
particulires dans le contexte de l'immersion des populations dorigine musulman
dans le contexte europen. Lappartenance la culture et religion musulmane
est fortement questionne pour aboutir des multiples choix dappartenance.
Ces choix reoivent de la part de leaders anciens et surtout nouveaux qui
mergent sur la scne europenne des justifications et des motivations qui
visent donner ou redonner sens la prsence musulmane en Europe.
Un axe important du travail de
ce groupe a donc t de cerner comment dans les discours mergeants en Europe la question du rapport entre
individu et collectif est cerne.
Trois rencontres
(Louvain-la-Neuve, 25-26/10/96 ; Paris, janvier 1997 ; Louvain-la-Neuve
25-27/9/97) o on a prpar le travail crois sur les textes effectu lors de
la confrence dIstanbul (3-5/7/98).
Le rsultat est le volume: Paroles
dIslam. Individu,
socits et discours dans lislam europen contemporain, Paris, Maisonneuve & Larose, 2000.
Ce
volume reste partage entre deux visions : dune part celle dune
individualisation croissante des choix, dautre part celle dune articulation
nouvelle de lindividu aux collectifs musulmans en train de se faire (entre
autre en relation au contextes non musulmans). Il est probable que les deux
cheminements soient en cours.
Cette thmatique est en
dveloppement aujourd'hui par le biais de nouvelles recherches. Un workshop est
en prparation lInstitut europen de Florence ; un chantier de recherche est
ouverte sur ce thme lISIM (Leiden).
Conversions l'islam: la question de la nature
du choix
Un
deuxime axe de travail a voulu cerner les discours lis aux conversions lislam
en Europe. Les conversions sont, dans le contexte europen contemporain, des
conversions individuelles. Et pourtant la question se pose entre le choix
individuel et la sortie dun groupe dune part (religion, culture) et les motivations dadhsion un autre
groupe et sa culture.
Ces thmes ont t traits dans
une confrence Louvain-la-Neuve (30-31/1/98) et publis ensuite dans la revue
internationale de sociologie des religions: Social Compass (International Review of Sociology of Religion
/ Revue internationale de sociologie de la Religion) Conversions lislam
en Europe, Conversions to
Islam in Europe, Catholique University of Louvain-la-Neuve,
issue dir. by Stefano Allievi et
Felice Dassetto, v. 46, n 3,
ISSN: 0037-7686, sept 1999).
Espace public
Un troisime chantier de recherche
a t ouvert dans le but dexplorer la question de lindividu partir du
collectif. Les espaces publics qui se constituent font merger un nouveau mode
dadhsion des individus au collectif ou voient lapparition de formes
no-communautariennes ?
Le but
vise tait galement de comparer entre les processus en cours dans les
socits europenne et celui dans certaines socits musulmanes.
Deux workshops on eu lieu
(Louvain-la-Neuve 30/5/99 et Le Caire 25-28 /5/2000). Les textes taient
pratiquement disponibles. Les incertitudes quant aux possibilits de
financement de la publication ont fait glisser le processus en dehors du
programme.
La
publication de ces textes a t reprise, sous une autre forme, par un des
participants ce workshop, Armando Salvatore, et la prparation de la
publication, d'une partie au moins des textes, est en cours.
Bilan global
-
Les publications
ralises restituent bien lՎtat des travaux actuels sur lislam contemporain
et les incertitudes et parfois carences danalyses. Elles constituent toutefois
des textes de rfrence sur le sujet. Toutefois les profonds et constants
changements en cours du champ religieux islamique en Europe doivent inviter
prolonger les efforts de mise en uvre d'une chantier permanent danalyse. Il est regrettable que le dernier thme
lespace public- maient pas pu aboutir rapidement. Bien quencore incertain
dans la dfinition des problmatiques et des thorisations, il aurait permis au
moins de faire le point sur les besoins dapprofondissements.
Tout en
ne disposant pas dindicateurs scientomtrique, il me semble de pouvoir observer
que tant le volume, Paroles dislam, que le numro de Social Compass sont des rfrences couramment cites.
-
La prsence en relation
avec dՎquipes de recherches d'autres traditions disciplinaires a t trs
fconde. De manire gnrale ft trs intressante la participation la
confrence dIstanbul et la participation plus restreinte au sminaire final en
Toscane ; de manire spcifique le travail crois sur les conversions, la participation
aux sminaires de lՎquipe de Tunis.
-
Sans que je
puisse en faire un inventaire exhaustif, nayant pas ralis une enqute auprs
des membres des workshops ce sujet, ce programme de recherche a contribu
la consolidation de certaines thmatiques ou la constitution de ples de
recherche ou le renforcement des changes. A titre dexemple : des
collaborations pour les workshops prpars lInstitut europen de Florence; limplication
de certains collgues dans des programmes europens ; la coopration entre le CNRS de Strasbourg, lISIM et lUniversit
de Louvain en vu de la cration dune base de donne bibliographique assortie dun
programme de travail mthodologique pour la recherche sur lislam contemporain
(un financement ce sujet a t introduit auprs de la ESF mais a t deux
reprises refus).
Il
sagit dun bilan global relativement satisfaisant, compte tenu entre autre des
moyens disposition. Il a t un peu terni, en ce qui concerne le team leader,
par le non aboutissement du volet relatif lespace public dune part (en esprant
toutefois quil puisse aboutir, malgr tout), et par la non acceptation de la
part de la ESF de soutenir le financement dun workshop, finalis la mise en
place dune logistique et dune rflexion en amont de la recherche, dont le
besoin savre particulirement criant en ce qui concerne lislam europen.
Part THREE:
Recommendations
At the conclusion of this five-year research
programme, Individual and Society in the Mediterranean Muslim World, we would like to make the
following recommendations:
1 - Daily coordinator : A research
programme of this scientific scope and logistical scale needs to have a
full-time coordinator such as, for example, a post-doctoral who would be paid
directly from the budget. This person would ensure the daily contact and
interface between the nearly one-hundred permanent participants of the
programme and the scientific administration of the activities (team seminars,
workshops, etc.). This, indeed, had originally been the case with Brigitte Marino, a post-doctoral who on a CDD (contrat de dure dtermine) in liaison with the Maison
des Sciences de lHomme (MSH) in Paris, had assured a binomial administrative
structure between Strasbourg ESF and Aix-en-Provence, with the objective of
centralising activities in Aix. This person, nevertheless, only functioned in
this capacity between 1994-1996 during the preparatory stages of the programme.
Over this person, a scientific coordinator who is
already in a university position should be appointed with the purpose of
ensuring the high quality of the research, the presentations and the
publications carried out within the framework of the programme. However, as our programme only
benefitted from the latter position once the scientific activities began; we
often found ourselves in need of a post-doctoral student on a permanent basis
to alleviate the logistical burden on the scientific coordinator.
In this regard, our liaison with the ESF was
problematic due to the fact that our interlocutors at the ESF changed too
often. However, we were very satisified working with the different persons at
ESF: first with Grard Darmon and
Jane Freshwater, then with
Antonio Lamarra, Carole Mabrouk and Madelise Blumenroeder and now with Elisabeth Vestergaard and Madelise Blumenroeder.
All were extremely competent and present to
work with us and answer any questions. The problem is to be found in the fact
that, with each change in personnel, details of our programme were unknown to
ESF persons with time and effort being wasted as a result. Moreover, there was
a long moment between the departure of Grard Darmon
and the arrival of Antonio LAMARRA to work with us during which time
administrative aspects were dealt with in Aix instead of in Strasbourg -
especially since we had the Istanbul 1998 plenary to organise.
2 - Internet: Although non-existent or
little used at the beginning of our programme in 1996, this type of research
programme such as the five-year Individual and
Society in the Mediterranean Muslim World programme should
make extensive use of the internet such as, for example, establishing a site on
the H-net services with the University of Michigan. This is crucial for
communication between participants in the programme which, in our case,
included over 100 researchers located in nearly all the European countries as
well as in many Middle Eastern and North African countries in addition to
several researchers in the U.S. A site on H-net would also serve as a means to
communicate with those outside of the programme. Any future programme of this
magnitude should use this means. Interim publications and a newsletter could also be
published on-line in this way.
3 - Post-doctorals: In order to ensure the
training of new scholars and generational continuity concerning the research in
a programme of this size, part of the programmes budget should be earmarked
for the payment of several post-doctoral students associated with each team on
a full-time basis for a period of two years. These young scholars would
participate in all the activities of that team. The Individual and Society programme did make
many efforts to include young scholars who participated in every seminar and
workshop ; however, most of them could be associated on a full-time basis
as would be the case for a paid post-doctoral position within the programme.
4 - Budget: At the conclusion of this programme, it is
possible to say that the budget, although seemingly adequate at the outset, was
a bit short at the end of the programme, making it impossible for individual
teams as well as the full Steering Committee to meet one final time during the
last year of the programme (2001). Publications are, of course, expensive and,
indeed, from the outset, we had decided to publish almost all the research
conducted within the programme (had the programme begun in the late 1990s, we
would have published on-line with a site with H-net). However, in the present
circumstances, a larger budget would have permitted both the publication of the
research work conducted in the programme in addition to final concluding
individual team meetings in 2001.
Nonetheless, although reduced in size, the ISMM programme was able to hold a final
plenary in Il Ciocco, Italy, in May 2001 and a final (also reduced in size)
Editorial Board / Steering Committee meeting in Aix-en-Provence in early July
2002.
Summer school : a Summer School was planned as an ongoing and
future activity of the programme. Its proposal was submitted to the ESF
Standing Committee and was accepted. A first session was organised for October
2001 which as to take place in Agadir, Morocco. However, due to the sickness of
Robert ILBERT (early September 2001), and the unanimous agreement among the
programmes members who were to lead the summer school, we decided to hold off
on the organisation of this type of event until the chairman would be able to
participate in the activities since he was the initial driving force behind this
programme.
EURESCO Conference : Initial contacts and preparation were
organised for a EURESCO Conference; however, the sickness of the chairman also prompted us to postpone
this event for the reasons mentioned above.
This having been said, it is important, nonetheless, to emphasise the fact that the chairmans sickness in September 2001 as well as his appointment in January 1999 to the Ministry of Research in Paris which meant that Robert ILBERT spent one half of the week working full-time in Paris at the Ministry and one-half of the week working full-time as director of the MMSH and fulfulling his professorial responsibilities at the university, did not lead to any postponement or cancellation of any of the activities of the programme since the programmes scientific coordinator, Randi Deguilhem, assured the almost daily scientific liaison between team leaders and Aix and between Aix and Strasbourg.
In addition to this, publications began during the second year of the programmes operations in 1998 and they continued throughout the duration of the programme as well as following its conclusion.
(19 books: 11 appeared; 5 in press; 3 forthcoming)
Editorial Board:
programme chair:
Editorial Board
Paul DUMONT, Strasbourg University, France
Leila FAWAZ, Tufts University, Boston, USA
Ulrich HAARMANN (+), Freie University, Berlin, Germany
Remke KRUK, Rijks University, Groningen, The Netherlands
Manuela MARN, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
Robin OSTLE, St.
Johns College, Oxford
University, Great Britain
I Paul Roubaud,
Aix-en-Provence (2
volumes)
1 - Individual and Society in the Mediterranean
Muslim World: Questions
and Sources/Individu et socit dans le monde mditerranen musulman : questions et sources, dir. Robert ILBERT, ed. Randi Deguilhem, ISBN 2-9512731-0-X, 1998,
160p. (publication from Preparatory
Meetings in Oxford 1993, Aix-en-Provence 1994 and Sitges 1995)
2 - Marginal Voices in Literature and Society: Individual
and Society in the Mediterranean Muslim World/Voix marginales dans la littrature et la
socit : individu et socit dans le monde mditerranen musulman, dir. Robin Ostle, ISBN
2-9512731-8, 2000, 214p. (publication of team 5)
II Maisonneuve &
Larose, Paris, Collection Individu et Socit dans le Monde
Mditerranen Musulman /Individual and Society in the Mediterranean
Muslim World (3
volumes)
1 - Words of Islam. Individuals, societies and discourse in contemporary European Islam/ Paroles dislam. Individus, socits et discours dans lislam europen contemporain, dir. Felice DASSETTO, ISBN 2-7068-1437-3, 2000, 316p. (publication of team 7)
2 - Islamic conversions: Religious identities in the Islamic Mediterranean/ Conversions islamiques : identits religieuses en islam mditerranen, dir. Mercedes Garca-Arenal, ISBN 2-7068-1574-4, 2001, 460p. (publication of team 6)
3 - Poverty and Wealth in the Mediterranean Muslim World/Pauvret et richesse dans le monde mditerranen musulman, ed. Jean-Paul Pascual (in press) 2003 (publication of team 4)
III IB Tauris, Londres, Collection The Islamic
Mediterranean (8 volumes)
1 - Writing the Feminine. Women in Arab Sources, ed. Manuela Marn and Randi Deguilhem, ISBN 1-86064-697 2, 2002, 278p. (publication of team 1)
2 - Money, Land and Trade. An Economic History of the Muslim Mediterranean, dir. Nelly Hanna, ISBN 1-86064-699-9, 2002, 295p. (publication of team 4)
3 - Outside In: On the Margins of the Modern Middle East, ed. Eugene Rogan, ISBN 1-86064-698, 2002, 263p. (publication of team 2)
4 - Norms and Oppositions in the Modern and Contemporary Middle East, ed. Walter Dostal and Wolfgang Kraus (in press) 2003 (publication of team 2)
5 - The Person and the Law: Legal Transformations in the Middle East, ed. Baudouin Dupret (in press) 2003 (publication of team 2)
6 - Constituting Modernity: Private Property in the East and the West, ed. Huri Islamoglu (in press) 2003 (publication of team 2)
7 - Crafts and Craftsmen of the Middle East: Fashioning the Individual in the Muslim Mediterranean, ed. Suraiya Faroqhi and Randi Deguilhem (in press) 2003 (publication of team 4)
8 - Subversity and the Individual in Classical, Modern and Contemporary Arab Literature, ed. Robin Ostle and Remke Kruk, to appear in 2004 (publication of team 5)
IV Institut Franais
dArchologie Orientale (IFAO), Le Caire, Collection Individu et Socit dans le Monde Mditerranen Musulman
(2 volumes)
1 - Education et socialisation de lenfant dans les
socits musulmanes de la Mditerranenne mdivale et moderne (provisonal title), ed. Franois Georgeon and Klaus Kreiser, forthcoming 2004 (publication of team 1)
2 - Individu et rapports au pouvoir dans les
socits musulmanes de la Mditerranenne moderne et contemporaine, ed. Abdelhamid Hnia, forthcoming 2004 (publication of team 3)
V Hors series (4 volumes)
1 - Under the
Olive Tree:
Reconsidering Mediterranean Politics and Culture, ed. Aini Linjakumpu
and Kirsi Virtanen; dir. Tuomo MELASUO, Tampere University, Tampere Peace
Research Institute, Finland, Occasional Papers n 73, 1997, ISBN 951-706-168-4,
298p. (publication
of team 3)
2 -
Individalu, Ideologies and Society: Tracing the Mosaic of Mediterranean
History,
ed. Kirsi Virtanen, dir. Tuomo MELASUO, Tampere University, Tampere Peace
Research Institute, Finland, Research Report n 89, ISBN 951-706-168-2, 2000,
314p. (publication
of team 3)
3 - Social
Compass
(International Review of Sociology of Religion / Revue internationale de
sociologie de la Religion) Conversions lislam en Europe, Conversions
to Islam in
Europe,
Catholique University of Louvain-la-Neuve, issue dir. by Stefano Allievi et Felice Dassetto, v. 46, n 3, ISSN: 0037-7686,
sept 1999 (publication
of team 7)
4 - Conscious
Voices :
Concept of Writing in the Middle East, dir. Stephan Guth, Priska Furrer et Johann Christoph Brgel,
German Orient-Institute, ISBN 3-515-07507-0, 1999, 332p. (publication of team
5)
Summary:
Team
One: 2 publications (1 with IB
Tauris, 1 with IFAO)
Team
Two: 4 publications (4 with IB
Tauris)
Team
Three: 3 publications (1 with IFAO,
2 hors series)
Team
Four: 3 publications (2 with IB
Tauris, 1 with Maisonneuve & Larose)
Team
Five: 3 publications (1 with IB
Tauris, 1 with Paul Roubaud, 1 hors series)
Team
Six: 1 publication (1 with
Maisonneuve & Larose)
Team Seven: 2 publications (1 with Maisonneuve & Larose, 1
hors series)
One publication appeared with Paul Roubaud which resulted
from thee work of the preparatory meetings.
Approximately 25-30 articles
whose research was conducted within the framework of this programme have
appeared in international scientific journals.
A final volume analysing
the research conducted within this five-year programme and, in particular, its
impact upon international studies associated with research on the individuals
role and relation to society in the Mediterranean Muslim world is presently
being worked on and is scheduled to appear in 2004.
Part
SIX: Activity summary:
plenaries, seminars and workshops
(from May 1996 to May
2001)
Following three years of preparatory thematic and
logistical work, the first plenary session in May 1996 in Grenada officially opened the
scientific activities of this research programme. Participants from Western and
Eastern Europe, Turkey, Middle Eastern and North African countries including
both established senior and junior researchers as well as post-doctoral
students (with a few pre-doctorals), worked together for the first time in this
programme within the framework of seven teams.
Adhering, for the most part, to a university
time-table so that students and faculty who were not specifically associated
with the programme might also be able to attend and listen to the working
sessions of the seven research teams, the next two years (September 1996 to
July 1998) were devoted to research and discussion organised around the
individual seven themes of the teams.
A second plenary held half-way through the programmes activities took
place in Istanbul in July 1998; the Steering Committee and the Editorial Board
also met at this meeting. This plenary was the occasion not only for individual
team work but it also provided a venue for researchers to meet one other within
a framework which was over and beyond each separate team.
The next two years of the programme (September 1998 to
June 2001) were dedicated toward deepening and finalising the research in the
individual teams as well as toward the preparation for publications, one of the
major focal points of the programme.
A final programme-wide plenary was held in Il Ciocco, Italy, in May 2001,
at which time researchers from the programme analysed the development, progress
and outcome of the seven research topics organised around the theme of the
individuals relations to society in the Mediterranean Muslim World which was
initially proposed to them at the Grenada 1996 plenary. Attendees of the Il
Ciocco plenary, most of whom had participated in the four years of the programme,
also began the synthesis and analysis of the research conducted within the
programme as well as exploring possibilities for continuing the research, for
example, within the cadre of the summer school which was planned and organised
for October 2001 in Agadir, Morocco but which was unfortunately cancelled due
to the sickness of the programme chairman. There were also preliminary talks
about organising an EURESCO conference.
Plenaries
First plenary session (90 participants), Escuela de Estudios Arabes, Grenada
(Spain), 26-28
The introductory and concluding plenary sessions
of this meeting grouped together the totality of the researchers in the
programme for the purpose of publicly expressing and discussing the common
objectives of the proposed research:
1) Original analytical research conducted around the seven themes with the goal of identifying basic and particular characteristics of the individual in the various contexts described in the proposals of the program.
2) Training of young researchers via their participation in the teams seminars and workshops as active contributors and paper presenters.
3) Circulation of this research within the international scholarly community through a series of publications: a first volume appeared in June 1998 in time for this plenary, 18 other publications which are a direct result of the research conducted in this programme have since appeared or will be appearing shortly.
As this event marked the midway point of the
program, particular emphasis was put upon identifying transversal themes which
emerged within and across the research carried out by the seven teams and which
formed the focus of the third and final plenary in May 2001. The structure of
the Istanbul plenary was similar to that of Grenada in that it also began with
a general introductory session attended by all participants. This was followed
by two days of individual team meetings with a presentation and discussion of
85 papers. The concluding general session in Istanbul not only included the
chairmans remarks and team leaders reports on their teams scientific
activities but it also provided the forum for two Turkish professors who presented
research on individuation processes experienced by women in contemporary
Turkey.
The aim of this final plenary which, in May
2001, occurred at the end of the four-year research programme was the occasion
for a general brain-storming session. One of its goals was to scrutinize the
objectives articulated at the beginning of the project with the achievements
attained during and at the end of the programme. As the final general
gathering, several senior scholars from outside the program were invited to
participate with the aim of further identifying transversal themes which
crossed through the research that had been presented during the programmes
seminars and workshops over the past four years in Europe, Turkey, the Middle
East and North Africa. The most original and pervasive themes in the research
are currently being evaluated in a final volume which is to be published within
the coming year.
Team
One: Forms of
belonging and modes of social integration
Team leader: Klaus KREISER, Bamberg University
Seminar 1996-1997 Madrid (8 sessions, 8 presentations)
Seminar 1996-1997 Haifa (14 sessions, 14
presentations)
Seminar 1996-1997 Bamberg (4 sessions, 4
presentations)
Workshop 1997 Mulhouse (14 presentations)
Workshop 1998 Salamanca (13 presentations)
Workshop 1998 Istanbul (10 presentations)
Workshop 1999 Munich (9 presentations)
Summary: 3 university-year seminars, 4
workshops
Team
Two: Norms and
oppositions
Team leader: Walter DOSTAL, Vienna University
Activity leaders: Walter DOSTAL, Vienna University; Huri ISLAMOGLU,
META, Ankara / Bosphorus University, Istanbul; Martha MUNDY, LSE, London;
Eugene ROGAN, Oxford
University; Baudouin DUPRET,
CNRS, CEDEJ, Cairo
Seminar 1996-1997 Ankara (8 sessions, 8 presentations)
Seminar 1996-1997 Oxford (6 sessions, 6 presentations)
Workshop 1997 Vienna (13 presentations)
Workshop 1998 Istanbul (11 presentations)
Workshop 1999
Cairo (10 presentations)
Workshop 1999 Oxford (11 presentations)
Workshop 1999 Vienna (7 presentations)
Workshop 1999 London (10 presentations)
Summary: 2 university-year seminars, 6
workshops
Team
Three: Power
relationships
Team leader: Paul DUMONT, Strasbourg University
Activity leaders: Paul DUMONT, Strasbourg
University; Michael URSINUS, Heidelberg University; Tuomo MELASUO, TAPRI,
Finland; Mounira CHAPOUTOT-REMADI, Tunis University; Mohammed-Hdi CHRIF, Tunis University; Abdelhamid Hnia, Tunis
University/IRMC
Seminar 1996-1997 Strasbourg and Heidelberg (6 sessions, 6
presentations)
Seminar 1996-1997 Tunis (6 sessions, 11 papers)
Seminar 1997-1998 Strasbourg and Heidelberg (7 sessions, 7
presentations)
Seminar 1997-1998 Tunis (3 sessions, 9 presentations)
Workshop 1997 Istanbul (20 presentations)
Workshop 1997 Tampere, Finland (15 presentations)
Workshop 1998 Istanbul (14 presentations)
Workshop 2000 Tunis (19 presentations)
Summary: 4 university-year seminars, 4
workshops
Team
Four: Modes of
production
Team leader: Zafer TOPRAK, Bosphorus University, Istanbul
Activity leaders: Zafer TOPRAK, Bosphorus University, Istanbul; Nelly
HANNA, American University of Cairo; Suraiya FAROQHI, Munich University;
Jean-Paul PASCUAL, CNRS,
Seminar 1997 Cairo (3 sessions, 14 presentations)
Seminar 1998 Cairo (4 sessions, 25 presentations)
Workshop 1997 Istanbul (13 presentations)
Workshop 1997 Munich (8 presentations)
Workshop 1998 Istanbul (9 presentations)
Workshop 1999 Aix-en-Provence (16 presentations)
Summary: 3 university-year seminars, 4
workshops
Team
Five: Images and
representations
Team leader: Robin OSTLE, St. Johns College, Oxford University
Activity leaders: Robin OSTLE, St. Johns
College, Oxford University; Remke KRUK, Rijks
University, Groningen; Christoph BURGEL, Bern University
Seminar 1996-1997 Oxford (12 sessions, 12 presentations)
Seminar 1996-1997 Leiden (7 sessions, 12 presentations)
Workshop 1997 Bern (20 presentations)
Workshop 1998 Istanbul (16 presentations)
Workshop 1999 Leiden (12 presentations)
Summary: 3 university-year seminars, 4
workshops
Team
Six: Religious
activity and experience
Team leader: Mercedes Garca-ARENAL, CSIC, Madrid
Activity leaders: Mercedes Garca-ARENAL, CSIC, Madrid; Fernando Rodrguez
Seminar 1996-1997 Madrid (13 presentations)
Seminar 1998 Lund (2 presentations)
Seminar 1998 Bergen (9 presentations)
Workshop 1997 Rome (22 presentations)
Workshop 1998 Istanbul (12 presentations)
Summary: 3 university-year seminars, 2
workshops
Team
Seven: Contemporary
European Muslim World
Team leader: Felice DASSETTO, Catholic University of
Louvain-la-Neuve
Activity leader: Felice DASSETTO, Catholic University of
Louvain-la-Neuve
Workshop 1996 Louvain-la-Neuve (6 presentations)
Workshop 1997 Paris (7 presentations)
Workshop 1997 Louvain-la-Neuve (14 presentations)
Workshop 1998 Istanbul (13 presentations)
Summary: 6 workshops
Total summary of activities: 3 plenaries, 18 university-year seminars,
30 workshops
Team
One: Forms of Belonging and Modes of
Social Integration
Team leader: Klaus KREISER, Bamberg University
Seminars
1996-1997
Bamberg University, Seminar organised by Klaus
Kreiser
19/12/1996: Susanne Enderwitz,
Free University, Berlin, The Van Leer Jerusalem Institute, Das Thema
Kindheit in der palaestinensischen Autobiographie
23/1/1997: Silvia Naef,
Basel and Geneva Universities, Zwischen Idealbild und Realitaet : Die Darstellung der Frau in der arabischen
Kunst des 20.Jahrhunderts
14/2/1997: Manuela Marn, CSIC, Madrid, Sources of womens history
in medieval Andalusia
25/2/1997: Avner Giladi,
Haifa University, Medical and legal norms of breastfeeding in Islamic societies
CSIC, Madrid, Seminar organised by Manuela Marn
Sources of Womens
History
7/11/1996: Maria Louisa Avila,
Escuela de Estudios Arabes, Grenada, Arab biographical sources
8/11/1996: Avner Giladi,
Haifa University, On the history of breastfeeding in premodern Islamic
societies
21/1/1996: Teresa Garulo,
Complutense University, Madrid, Women in classical Arab poetry
12/12/1996: Amalia Zomeno,
Rachid El Hour, Cristina De La Puente, CSIC, Madrid, Women and
Islamic law: theory and practice
16/1/1997: Maria Jesus Viguera,
CSIC, Madrid, Women in historical sources
17/1/1997: Klaus Kreiser,
Bamberg University, Research literature on Ottoman women
24/1/1997: Randi Deguilhem,
CNRS, IREMAM-MMSH, Aix-en-Provence, The religious foundations and the role
of women in Arab and Turkish lands
31/1/1997: Maritte van Beek,
Leiden University, Lalla Awish:
a holy party-goer from Marrakesh
Haifa University, Seminar organised by Avner Giladi
Women, Children and Child-Woman Relations
in Middle Eastern Muslim Societies
Part I: Comparative Studies
22/10/1996: Meir Malul,
Haifa University, The paranymph and the marriage ceremony in ancient
Mesopotamia
5/11/1996: Menahem Luz,
Haifa University, Changes in womens status: the Homeric though Hellenistic periods
19/11/1996: Sylvia Schein,
Haifa University, Women in the New Testament and the writings of the
Fathers of the Church
17/12/1996: Shulamith Shahar,
Tel Aviv University, The first stage of childhood and the civilizing
process in medieval and early modem Europe
8/4/1997: Ron Barkai,
Tel Aviv University, Main characteristics of Jewish gynecologial literature
in the Middle Ages
Part II: The Muslim World
3/12/1996: Amalia Levanoni,
Haifa University, Womens rule in Islam: the case of Shajar al-Durr
31/12/1996: Ruth Roded,
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Literature on women in Islamic and
Middle Eastern history
18/2/1997: Avner Giladi,
Haifa University, Islamic views on breastfeeding and their social
implications
4/3/1997: Yaacov Lev,
Bar Ilan University, Women in the economic and social life of medieval Cairo
25/3/1997: Susanne Enderwitz,
Free University, Berlin, The family in Palestinian autobiographies
6/5/1997: Manuela Marn, CSIC, Madrid, The family in al-Andalus
20/5/1997: Mahmud Yazbak,
Haifa University, The orphans status as refected in the sijill of the
sharia court
27/5/1997: David S. Powers,
Cornell University, USA, Parents and their minor children: familial politics in fourteenth century
Algeria
3/6/1997: Iris Agmon,
Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Mothers, fathers and the guardianship
of children (hahana):
testimonies from the sijill
Workshops
1997
Haute Alsace University (Mulhouse), Workshop
organised by Manuela Marn
Sources for the History of the
Mediterranean Muslim Woman
20-21 September 1997
Iris Agmon,
Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Sijill as a source for womens history
Randi Deguilhem,
CNRS, IREMAM-MMSH, Aix-en-Provence, The religious foundations, women and
networking in the Ottoman Empire
Susanne Enderwitz,
Free University, Berlin, Women in Palestinian autobiographies
Avner Giladi,
Haifa University, Arabic sources for woman-child relationships in medieval
Muslim societies
Fatima-Zohra Guechi,
Constantine University, Mahkama registers (18th-19th centuries) as a source
for the history of women
Bernard Heyberger,
Haute Alsace University, Mulhouse, Individualisme et modernit politique
catholiques d'Alep et du Liban (XVlle sicle)
Klaus Kreiser,
Bamberg University, Women in Ottoman Turkey: introduction to historical research literature
Nadia Lachiri,
Moulay Ismail University, Mekns, Proverbs on women
Manuela Marn, CSIC, Madrid, Research literature on
womens history in medieval Andalusia
Silvia Naef,
Basel and Geneva Universities, Between ideal and reallity: the representation of women in Arab art in
the 20th century
Cristina De La Puente,
CSIC, Madrid, Women and Maliki law: can they go to the hammam?
Brte Sagaster,
Center for Modern Oriental Studies, Berlin, Autobiographical writings of
Turkish women at the turn of the century
Seluk Aksin Somel,
Bilkent University, Ankara, Archival sources on female education in the
late Ottoman Empire
Zehra Toska,
Bosphorus University, Istanbul, Classical Ottoman literature as a source
for womens history
1998
Topkapi Palace, The Imperial Mint (Istanbul), Workshop organised by Klaus
KREISER
3-5 July 1998
Beth Baron,
City College, New York, An early Islamic activist in Egypt
Cristina de la Puente,
CSIC, Madrid, The education of the body: Arabic manuals on table manners
Randi Deguilhem,
CNRS, IREMAM-MMSH, Aix-en-Provence, Educational and social training of an
individual in late Ottoman Damascus: the reformist shaykh Jamal al-din al-Qsimi
Susanne Enderwitz,
Free University, Berlin, Mother-daughter relations in Arab personal
accounts
Halima Ferhat,
Institut des Etudes Africaines, Rabat, La vie des tudiants Fs la
veille du Protectorat
Avner GilAdi,
Haifa University, The individual in Islamic educational thought of the
Middle Ages
Sylvia Naef,
Basel and Geneva Universities, Shiite education in the 20th century in the
Arab world
Brte Sagaster,
Center for Modern Oriental Studies, Berlin, Autobiographical writings of
Turkish authors
Salamanca University, Workshop organised by Manuela
Marn
Education of the Individual in the
Mediterranean Muslim World
15-17 October 1998
Avner Giladi,
Haifa University, Individualism and conformity in early Isamic educational
thought
Benjamin Fortna,
School of African and Asiatic Studies, London, Adaptation, not adoption: Curricular and cartographic change in late
Ottoman education
Maribel Fierro,
CSIC, Madrid, The teaching of the five pillars of Islam in sixth/twelfth
century al-Andalus
Nadia Maria el-Cheikh, American University of Beirut,
Womens informal education as reflected in a few medieval texts
Miguel Angel Manzano,
Salamanca University, Notes on the education, training and performance of
the Sultan: Maghribi values and
patterns in the late Middle Ages
Rachid el-Hour,
CSIC, Madrid, LՎducation du saint: le tmoignange des sources hagiographiques
nordafricaines
Halima Ferhat,
Institut dEtudes africaines, Rabat, Lenfant, lՎducateur et le faqih au XIVe sicle : le programme pdagogique dIbn al-Hjj
Manuela Marn, CSIC, Madrid, Master and disciple: a Moroccan example
Randi Deguilhem,
CNRS, IREMAM-MMSH, Aix-en-Provence, Learning in the Qasimi family in late
Ottoman Damascus: two brothers, two
educational paths, one value system
Assia Benadada,
Muhammad V University, Rabat, Pouvoir et systme dՎducation dans les
socits islamiques traditionnelles : le cas de Mohamed ben Abdallah, sultan du Maroc
Ana Maria Carballeira,
Escuela de Estudios Arabes, Granada, Le paysan devenu saint : l'ducation dIhsn Abbs daprs son
autobiographie
Klaus Kreiser,
Bamberg University, Career tracks of the last ulam
1999
Munich, Workshop organised by Klaus KREISER and
Avner GILADI
Childhood Individuation in the
Mediterranean Muslim World
29-30 October 1999
Ralf ELGER, Bamberg University, Growing up as spiritual and social
emancipation in Arabic autobiographic texts of the 18th century
Priska FURRER, Bern
University, Childhood and youth in Turkish novels
Avner GILADI, Haifa
University, The Quranic concept of childhood
Klaus KREISER, Bamberg
University, Tuhfe-i Vehbiyye: An Ottoman didactic-ethical treatise
Cneyd OKAY, Bosphorus University, Istanbul, War and children in the period
of the Second Constitution (1908-1918)
Cristina De la PUENTE, CSIC,
Madrid, Juridical Capacity to Act of minors and slaves according to Maliki
law
Eluk Aksin SOMEL, Bilkent
University, Ankara, Regulations for raising children during the Hamidian
period
Mine TAN, Ankara, An oral
history project with the Children of the Republic
Mahmoud YAZBAK, Haifa
University, Orphans in Islamic society: A study based upon 19th
century court records (sijillat) of Nablus
Team
Two: Norms and Oppositions
Team leader: Walter DOSTAL, Vienna University
Seminars
1996-1997
Middle East Technical University (Ankara), Seminar
organised by Huri Islamoglu
The Emergence of Land Law
26/11/1996: Huri Islamoglu,
Middle East Technical University, Ankara, The Land Code of 1858 as a
vocabulary of the Ottoman modern state
3/12/1996: Hatice Kurtulu,
Marmara University, Istanbul, Forms of property and transfers on estates in
the vicinity of Istanbul studied in relation to their influence on the
formation of the metropolitan city
10/12/1996: Elvan Guloksuz,
Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Modes of negotiating property
rights on urban land:
cases of new settlements in Istanbul
23/12/1996: Martha Mundy,
LSE, London, The construction of property: comparing two villages in the southern Syrian
plain
24/12/1996: Richard Smith,
American University of Beirut, Mapping property: a technology of imperial rule
18/5/1997: Alain Pottage,
SOAS, London, Evidencing ownership
2/6/1997: Huri Islamoglu,
Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Modes of negotiating property in
the 19th century Ottoman Empire
6/6/1997: David Washbrook,
St. Antonys College, Oxford University, From personal right to private
right: property and privilege in
South India 1700-1900
St. Antonys College, Oxford University, Seminar
organised by Eugene Rogan
Marginality and
Exclusion
2/5/1997: Khalid Fahmy,
Princeton University, Prisons and exile in nineteenth century Egypt: legal
policies and local reactions
9/5/1997: Dalenda Larguche,
Tunis University, Women, marginality and exclusion in Ottoman Tunisia
(18th-19th centuries),
Presentation in English and French in conjunction with La Maison Franaise
dOxford
16/5/1997: Rund Peters,
Amsterdam University, The infatuated Greek: marginality and the crossing of social boundaries
in 19th century Egypt
23/5/1997: Amnon Cohen,
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Marginal milieu: the coffee houses of 18th century Jerusalem
30/5/1997: Franois Georgeon,
CNRS, EHESS, Paris, The drinkers of Istanbul: the consumption of alcohol from the Ottoman
Empire to the Turkish Republic, Presentation in English and French in
conjunction with La Maison Franaise dOxford
6/6/1997: Eugene Rogan,
St. Antonys College, Oxford University, Madness and marginality in Syria
and Egypt
Workshops
1997
Vienna University, Workshop organised by Walter Dostal
Norms and Oppositions: Plurality of Norms and State Power from the 18th
to 20th
Centuries
26-27 September 1997
Walter Dostal,
Vienna University, Wrongdoing and atonement in Islamic law: some marginal notes from an anthroplogical
perspective
Khalid Fahmy,
Princeton University, Lawmakers and lawbreakers in 19th century
Egypt: the role of the majlis al-ahkm (1850-1880)
Jan Goldberg,
Essen University, Secularization and unification of the law in 19th
century Egypt: the role of the majlis al- tujjr (1845-1876)
Huri Islamoglu,
Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Property as a contested domain in
19th century Ottoman Anatolia and the Balkans
Yunus Ko,
Ankara University, Le droit coutumier du sultan et la sharia dans les premiers codes des lois
ottomanes
Hans Christian Korsholm Nielsen, Hojbjerg University, Legal documents, urf and the majlis al-arab in Upper Egypt
Chibli Mallat,
University of St. Joseph, Beirut, Islamic law, droit positif and codification: reflections on the longue dure
Martha Mundy,
LSE, London, Property, land and the shari tradition in 19th century
Damascus
Rudolf Peters,
Amsterdam University, Law and exclusion in 19th and 20th century Egypt
Eugene Rogan,
St. Antonys College, Oxford University, Marginal minds: madness and
drunkeness in historical perspective
Zafer Toprak,
Bosphorus University, Legal reform in the late Ottoman Empire
Anna Wurth,
Free University, Berlin, Sharia, qnnn and urf - an old debate revised. The Yemeni case
Laila al-Zwaini,
CEDEJ, Cairo, Plurality in Yemeni adjudication: an account from the field
1998
Topkapi Palace, The Imperial Mint (Istanbul), Workshop organised by Walter
DOSTAL
3-5 July 1998
Walter Dostal,
Vienna University, The problem of Sahria and customary law: some remarks
Baudouin Dupret,
CEDEJ, Cairo, Defining morality: transsexuality before an Egyptian court
Khaled Fahmy,
Princeton University, Medical reform in Egyptian prisons in the nineteenth
century
Huri Islamoglu,
META, Ankara, The Ottoman modem state and its practices of codifying land
rules in the 19th century
Yunus Ko,
Hacettepe University, Ankara, La notion de la loi ancienne et la charia
dans les dicts de justice mis par les sultans au XVIle sicle
Wolfgang Kraus,
Vienna University, Customary law and colonial policy in Morocco
Claude Lefbure,
EHESS, Paris, On the customary law of the Berber speaking tribes in the
Central High Atlas (Morocco)
Chibli Mallat,
St. Josephs University, Beirut, Approaches to Islamic law in the Muslim
Mediterranean: the state of
research
Martha Mundy,
LSE, London, Hierarchical rights to property in late Ottoman times
Rudolf Peters,
Amsterdam University, The development of the prison system in 19th
century Egypt
Eugene Rogan,
Oxford University, Madness and marginality: the Syrian mental hospital
Centre dEtudes et de Documentaion Economique et Juridique (CEDEJ), Cairo, Workshop organised by Baudouin DUPRET
Modernity
of Law and the Person in the Middle East
November 1998
Baudouin DUPRET, CNRS,
CEDEJ, Cairo, The Person and the Law. Contingency, individuation and the
subject of law
Mohamed NACHI,
Catholic University of Louvain-la-Neuve, The Articulation of I, We and the
Person
Jean-Nol Ferri, CEDEJ, Cairo,
A Ghost In the Machine against
the Use of the Notion of Person in Sociology
Khaled
Fahmy, New York University, USA,
Justice, law and pain in Khedival Egypt
Armando
Salvatore, Humboldt University,
Berlin, The Implosion of shara within the Emergence of Public Normativity.
The Impact on Personal Responsibility and the Impersonality of Law
Barbara
Drieskens, FWO, Flanders, The
misbehavior of the possessed: On spirits, morality and the person
Mohamed NACHI, Catholic University of
Louvain-la-Neuve, The Person and Justice in a Tunisian Souq. A reflection upon
the linkages between justice, impartiality and respect for the person
Baudouin DUPRET, CEDEJ, Cairo, Intention in action. A pragmatic approach to criminal
characterization in an Egyptian context
Nathalie Bernard-Maugiron,
CEDEJ, Cairo, Can hisba
be modernized? The individual and the protection of the general interest
before Egyptian courts
Baudouin DUPRET, CEDEJ, Cairo, The person and its
body. Medical ethics and the Egyptian law
Murielle
Paradelle, University de Qubec Montral, A The Notion of Person between law and practice. Astudy of the
principles of personal responsibility and of the personal nature of punishment
in Egyptian criminal law
Maurits BERGER, Amsterdam University, Regulating
Tolerance : Protecting Egypts Minorities
1999
St. Antonys College, Oxford University, Workshop organised by
Eugene ROGAN
Marginal Milieux and Practices
14-15-May 1999
Amnon Cohen,
Hebrew University, Tel Aviv, Coffee in 17th century Jerusalem
Franois Georgeon,
EHESS, Paris, Alcohol in 19th/20th century Istanbul
Baudouin Dupret,
CEDEJ, Cairo, Transexuals in Cairo
Khaled Fahmy,
Princeton University, Brothels in Cairo
Sami Zubaida,
London University, Singers and musicians in Iraq
Karin van Nieuwkerk,
Nijmegen University, Performers in Cairo
Mina Ener,
Villanova University, The Cairo Poor House
Rudolph Peters,
Amsterdam University, Prisons in Egypt
Eugene Rogan,
Oxford University, Asylums in Lebanon and Egypt
Dalenda Larguche,
Manouba University, Tunis, Houses for disobedient women in Tunis
University of Vienna, Workshop organised by Walter DOSTAL
Customary Law in Muslim
Societies: Contributions to the Problem of Urf and Sharia Law
7-10 May 1999
Ronald BARGHUTI,
University of Vienna, Austrian Oriental Society, Vienna, The market
regulations of the silver market in Sana: On the origins and
significance of a legal document Walter DOSTAL, University of Vienna, Tribal
customary law in Southwest Arabia (manuscript presentation)
Claudia KICKINGER,
University of Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Urf and ada in the
traditional urban market
Yunus KOC, Hacettepe
University, Ankara, Early Ottoman customary law: The
genesis and process of Ottoman codification (manuscript presentation)
Franz KOGELMANN,
University of Bayreuth, Germany, Deutsches Orient-Institut, Hamburg, Local legal
practice vs. Islamic law: Legal regulation of Moroccan habous under
French rule
Wolfgang KRAUS, University of Vienna, Tribal customary law
in the Moroccan High Atlas: Traditional legal practice and its
transformations among the Ayt Hdiddu (manuscript presentation)
Ixy NOEVER, University of Vienna, Womens choices: Norms, legal pluralism and social control among the
Ayt Hdiddu of central Morocco
London School of Economics, Workshop organised by
Martha MUNDY
Comparative Perspectives on the Transformation
of Property Rights and State Power in
Russia and the Ottoman Empire
5-6 December 1999
Janet Hartley,
LSE, London, Land, Law and the Peasantry in pre-emancipation
Russia
Dina Rizk Khoury,
George Washington University, Washington, D.C., Property,
taxes, and the individual in the
Early Modern Middle East
Frank Nesemann,
University of Heidelberg, Crimean Tatar nobles and the Islamic clergy
of the Crimea in the reign of Catherine II of Russia: their legal position and the fate of Muslim land property
Engin Akarli, Brown
University, Providence, USA, The Uses of Law among Istanbul Artisans and
Tradesmen: the story of
Gedik as implements, mastership, shop usufruct and monopoly, 1750-1850
Keiko Kiyotaki, LSE,
London, Property Right and Midhat Pashas Land Reforms in
the Province of Baghdad in
1869-1872
Ycel Terzibasoglu,
Birkbeck College, Landlords, Refugees and Nomads: Struggles over Landownership Rights in the North-Western
Anatolian Town of Ayvalik at the end of the Nineteenth Century
Team Three: Power
Relationships
Team leader: Paul DUMONT, Strasbourg University
Seminars
1996-1997
Strasbourg and Heidelberg Universities, Seminar
organised by Paul Dumont and
Michael Ursinus
Individual Identity and Power
Relationships in Mediterranean Muslim Societies
in Strasbourg:
7/11/1996: Nicolas Vatin,
CNRS, EHESS, Paris, Identits lapidaires : stles funraires et cimetires ottomans
16/1/11997: Mounira Chapoutot-Remadi,
Tunis University, Trajectoires individuelles dans les socits de lEgypte
et de la Syrie mamloukes
13/3/1997: Rhoads Murphey,
Birmingham University, Perspectives on multiple identity from the bottom up: popular mythmaking and the Ottoman military
ethos
in Heidelberg:
28/11/1996: Mropi Anastassiadou,
CNRS, Strasbourg University, Des dfunts hors du commun : les possesseurs de livres dans les
inventaires aprs dcs musulmans de Salonique
13/2/1997: Hans Georg Majer,
Munich University, Lindividu dans les documents darchives ottomanes
24/4/1997: Martin Strohmeier,
Kiel University, Costume, statut social et identit individuelle : propos des rglementations vestimentaires
dans lEmpire ottoman
Tunis University, Seminar organised by
Mounira Chapoutot-Remadi and Mohamed Hdi Chrif
Individual Paths in the
Egyptian, Syrian and North African Societies
16/11/1996: Mounira Chapoutot-Remadi,
Tunis University, Individu et lite mameluke lՎpoque bahride
16/12/1996: Amira Sonbol,
Georgetown University, Washington D.C., Trajectoires individuelles au sein
de la socit gyptienne au XVllIe sicle
Mohammed-Hdi Chrif,
Tunis University, Profils de carrire de lindividu dans la Tunisie du
XVIIle sicle
25/1/1997: Nelly Amri-Salama,
Manouba University, Le saint et le politique en Ifriqiya hafside
Fatima-Zohra Guechi,
Constantine University, Lindividu dans la socit constantinoise du XVllle
sicle
15/2/1997: Abdelhamid Larguche,
Manouba University, Tunis, Statut minoritaire et trajectoire
individuel Tunis aux XVllle et XIXe sicles
8/3/1997: Halima Ferhat,
Institut des Etudes Africaines, Rabat, Le pouvoir du saint dans le Maroc
mdival
Abdelhamid Hnia,
Tunis University/IRMC, Lindividu entre la logique tatique communautaire
dans la Tunisie moderne
17/4/1997: Habib Kazdaghli,
Manouba University, Tunis, Individu et pouvoir colonial en Tunisie
dans la premire moiti du XXe sicle
1997-1998
Individual Identity and
Power relationships in Mediterranean Muslim societies
in Strasbourg:
30/10/1997: Bernard Heyberger,
Haute Alsace University, Mulhouse, Individualisme et modernit politique : les dvotes dAlep et du Liban
15/1/1998: Selim DeriNgil,
Bosphorus University, Istanbul, Tenir son rang dans la socit ottomane. Le pouvoir et ses signes sous le rgne
dAbdulhamid
12/3/1998: Mropi Anastassiadou,
CNRS, Strasbourg, Les possesseurs de livres dans les inventaires aprs
dcs musulmans de Salonique.
Dis-moi ce que tu lis, je te dirai (peut-tre) qui tu es...
28/5/1998: Sylvie Denoix,
CNRS, IREMAM-MMSH, Aix-en-Provence, Individu et communaut. Le systme des waqf dans les villes arabes
mdivales
in Heidelberg:
27/11/1997: Michael Glunz,
Zurich University, The man behind the text - a futile search ?
13/2/1998: Marie-Carmen Smyrnelis,
EHESS, Paris, Rseaux, familles et pouvoirs Smyrne (XVllle-XIXe sicles)
30/4/1998: Ulrich Haarmann,
Kiel University, Mamluk autocracy and learned arrogance. On the art of surviving with dignity. The case of Abu Hamid al-Maqdisi (d. 888/1483)
Tunis University, Seminar organised by
Mounira Chapoutot-Remadi and
Mohammed-Hdi Chrif
Individual Paths in the
Egyptian, Syrian and North African Societies
7/3/1998: Mohamed-Salah Bazig,
Tunis University, Lindividu ordinaire Bougie lՎpoque mdivale
: typologie des
comportements
Brahim Jadla,
Tunis University, Les individus normaux et le berbrisation de la socit
Khaled Kchir, Tunis University, La place de lindividu dans la littrature
biographique arabe:
tude des femmes contemporaines de Safadi
18/4/1998: Abdelhamid Hnia,
Tunis University/IRMC, Lindividu de lՎtat de sujet lՎtat de citoyen en
Tunisie lՎpoque moderne et contemporaine
Abdelhamid Larguche,
Manouba University, La naissance de lindividu alin au XIXe et au
dbut du XXe sicle
Habib Kazdaghli,
Manouba University, Tunis, Les
individus ordinaires et le mouvement national
Paul Dumont,
Strasbourg University, Faire son chemin dans lEmpire ottoman
lՉge des rformes (fin XIXe - dbut XXe sicle)
8/5/1998: Jamal ben Tahar,
National Archives, Tunis, and Mohammed-Hdi Chrif, Tunis University, Comment devenir ordinaire en
Tunisie l'poque moderne ?
Mounira Chapoutot-Remadi,
Tunis University, tre un individu ordinaire lՎpoque bahride
(645/1245-741/1340)
Workshops
1997
Istanbul, Workshop organised by Paul Dumont
Individual Identity and Power Relations
12-14 June 1997
Laura Bottini,
Rome University, The social, political and cultural role of the disciples
of the 9th-12th imams (818-874)
Mounira Chapoutot-Remadi,
Tunis University, Badr ibn Gama, un homme de pouvoir qui a crit sur le
pouvoir
Paul Dumont,
Strasbourg University, Lautobiographie politique lՎpoque de la
rvolution jeune turque
Edhem Eldem,
Bosphorus University, Individuals post mortem: the testimony of stones
Jane Hathaway,
Ohio State University, erkes Mehmed Bey: rebel, traitor, hero?
Abdelhamid Hnia,
Tunis University/IRMC, Lindividu entre la logique tatique et la logique
communautaire : le cas de la Tunisie
lՎpoque moderne (XVlle-XXe sicle)
Frdric Hitzel,
CNRS, Strasbourg, Rflexions sur la formation des rformateurs ottomans du
temps du Slim III
Antonio Jurado Aceituno,
Carrires politiques lՎpoque seldjoukide
Paulina Lewicka,
Individuality, power and the Mamluk world: the case of Sultan al-Mansur Qalawun
Tuomo Melasuo,
Tempere University, Finland, Les mouvements nationaux algriens et leur
conception de lindividu
Odile Moreau,
University of Paris IV (Sorbonne), Ahmed Muhtar pacha : lidentit dun gnral ottoman
Christoph Neumann,
St. Charles University, Prague, Consumption patterns as a marker of
individuality: two case studies
from the eighteenth century
Arzu Ozturkmen,
Locality, gender and identity in Tirebolu
Gabriel Piterberg,
University of California in Los Angeles, Historiography, identity and the
state: Abaza Mehmed Pashas
Isyan
Marie-Carmen SmyRNelis,
EHESS, Paris, Stratgies individuelles et collectives dans la colonie
franaise de Smyrne.
Lexemple de la famille Fontrier
Isik Tamdogan-Abel,
EHESS, Paris, Figures de nomades dans la rgion dAdana au XVIIIe sicle
Ehud Toledano,
Tel Aviv University, The Ottoman Middle East and North Africa from
hegemonic rule to dynastic order
Michael Ursinus,
Heidelberg University, Tahrir-i Nufus and Tezkere-i Murur: the tightening grip of the
modernizing Ottoman state on the individual subject, 1826-1836
Kirsi Virtanen,
Tempere University, Finland, La position du musulman algrien dans le
mouvement du front populaire franais immigrant-ouvrier, sujet ou individu
politique ?
Jerzy Zdanowski,
Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Emir Saud and his court. Markers of individuality in the Wahhabi
society
Tampere University (Finland), Workshop organised by
Tuomo Melasuo
Reshaping the Individual and Power
Relations in the Context of Colonial Experiences
12-14 September 1997
Kirsi Virtanen,
Tampere University, Finland, The position of an Algerian Muslim in the
French Popular Front Movement - immigrant worker, colonial subject or political
actor ?
Katri Wallenius,
Resistance movements in Morocco from the French perspective, 1894/1900-1912
Abdelhamid Hnia,
Tunis University/IRMC, Statut de lindividu dans le milieu tribal en
Tunisie la veille du Protectorat franais
Tuomo Melasuo,
Tampere University, Finland, National movements and the individual
in the Algerian colonial society
Susanna Myllyla,
The role of the NGOs in the post-colonial world
Bjorn Olav Utvik,
The revolution of the pious:
the modernizing force of Islamism
Anna Baldnetti,
Le nationalism gyptien et la formation de lide de la nation libyenne: les refugis libyens en Egypte
Aini Linjakumpu,
Islam, individual and society in a global interet system
Maaret Pallnen,
The change of historiography on the Palestinian expulsion
Efrat Ben-Zeev,
Passages and barriers to fieldwork: methodology and intervening feelings
Riina Isotalo,
Writing against insider/outsider dichotomy: the case of Palestinian return
Y. Erdem Harkan,
Wise old man, propagandist and ideologist: Kodja Sekbanbashi on the Janissaries, 1907
Susanne Dahlgreen,
Women with too many rights:
The Adeni women and Yemeni unification
Pertti Multanen,
Religious and ethnic factors in national politics and international
conflict in the Middle East
Jorma Kuitunen,
Research and higher education in the Arab world. Some reflections of a pilot study
1998
Topkapi Palace, The Imperial Mint (Istanbul), Workshop organised by Paul DUMONT
3-5 July 1998
Laura Bottini,
Rome University, Une famille imamite Alep : les Banu Hashshab
Mounira Chapoutot-Remadi,
Tunis University, tre un individu ordinaire en Egypte mamluke
Mohammed-Hdi Chrif,
Tunis University, Un hagiographe et ses saints ordinaires dans la Tunisie
de la deuxime moiti du XIXeme sicle
Jane Hathaway,
Ohio State University, The Qurayshi Circassians of Egypt: changing identity within an Ottoman elite
Abdelhamid Hnia,
Tunis University/IRMC, Lindividu : de lՎtat de sujet lՎtat de citoyen en Tunisie
a lՎpoque moderne et contemporaine
Khaled Kchir,
Tunis University, Peut-on parler dindividu travers les biographies de
femmes ? Exemple du Ayan al-Asr de Safadi (m. 1363)
Abdelhamid Larguche,
Tunis University, Le Code penal lindividualisation de la peine en Tunisie
au XIXeme sicle
Christoph K. Neumann,
St. Charles University, Prague, The Russian experience: Nerati Efendi in captivity
Arzu Ozturkmen,
Bosphorus University, Istanbul, Transition to bridehood: the experience of Tirebolu women
Marie-Carmen SmyRNelis,
EHESS, Paris, Changer de nationalit au XIXeme sicle dans lEmpire ottoman: un moyen pour les individus de redfinir
leurs rapports au pouvoir ? Lexemple dindividus et de familles ottomans de
Smyrne
Johann Strauss,
Strasbourg University, Theodore Cassape (Teodor Kasap) ou comment peut-on
tre ottoman
Isik Tamdogan-Abel,
EHESS, Paris, Osman Hoca or Osman Efendi ? Un comptable de larme au
tournant du sicle (fin XIXeme-dbut XXeme sicle) travers ses carnets
Ehud Toledano,
Tel Aviv University, The Ottoman -Algerian power elite revisited
Michael Ursinus,
Heidelberg University, Changing place and face: the journey of the individual through Ottoman
population records of the Tanzimat Period
1999
Heidelberg University, Workshop organised by
Michael URSINUS and Raoul MOTIKA
The Intellectuals Relationship with Power
winter and spring 1999
Gottfried Hagen, University of Michigan
Christoph Herzog, Heidelberg University
Rdiger Klein, Tbingen University
Hans Georg Majer,
Munich University
2000
University of Tunis (workshop in Hammamet),
Workshop organised by Abdelhamid HNIA
and Mohammed-Hdi CHRIF
Lindividu et ses rapports au pouvoir dans
les socits musulmanes de la Mditerrane
4-6 May 2000
Lindividu, acteur du pouvoir
Mohammed-Hdi Chrif,
Tunis University, Un hagiographe et un contempteur des saints : leurs rapports la socit et au pouvoir
dans la Tunisie du dbut du XX sicle
Nelly Amri-Salameh,
Manouba University, Leschatologie du musulman ordinaire au Maghreb
mdival. Pouvoir des saints,
solidarits et conscience individuelle, daprs un document hagiographique du
8e/14e sicle
Khalid Kchir,
Tunis University, Approche de lindividu au Bas Moyen-Age travers les
biographies de femmes en Egypte et en Syrie
Randi Deguilhem,
CNRS, MMSH-IREMAM, Aix-en-Pce, Le waqf : outil de pouvoir de lindividu. Quelques rflexions lՎpoque ottomane
Mouldi Lahmar,
Tunis University, Confiance et trahison en politique : le dilemme sociologique des acteurs
politiques en Libye prcoloniale
Lazhar Mejri,
Manouba University, Le rle du pote dans la mobilisation de la socit
tribale contre lEtat beylical en Tunisie au milieu du XIXe sicle
Adnan Mansar,
Higher Institute for the History of the National Movement, Tunis, Le
loyalisme dans un contexte colonial : le cas Mhamed Bel Khodja (1869-1942)
Lindividu, objet du pouvoir
Mounira Chapoutot-REmadi,
Tunis University, tre un individu ordinaire en Egypte mamluke
Brahim Jadla,
Tunis University, Individu et pouvoir : enjeux politiques et dynamique sociale en
Ifriqiya fatimide
Mohamed-Salah Bazig,
Tunis University, Individu ordinaire et pouvoir religieux Bijya
lՎpoque mdivale :
typologie des comportements
Nelly Hanna,
American University of Cairo, Les commerants et la structure du pouvoir au
Caire du 17e sicle
Abdelhamid Larguche,
Manouba University, Le code pnal et lindividuation de la peine en Tunisie
au 19e sicle
Jamel ben Tahar,
National Archives, Tunis, Salah Chiboub al-Jirbi : itinraire dun makhznien
Lilia ben Salem,
Tunis University, Pouvoir du groupe/marge de libert de lindividu ?
Elments de rflexion sur les communauts rurales du Maghreb
Tuomo Melasuo,
Tampere University, TAPRI, Finland, Lindividu dans les relations
euro-mditerranennes
Lindividu, dans ses rapports au collectif
Felice Dassetto,
Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium, Individu, pouvoir et mise en ordre
du monde
Abdelkader Zghal,
CERES, Tunis, La leon japonaise
Mohammad Afifi,
University of Cairo/IFAO, Les Coptes entre lEtat et lEglise en Egypte au
XIXe sicle
Abdelhamid Hnia,
Tunis University/IRMC, Dynamique du statut de lindividu en Tunisie
(XVIIIe-dbut XXe sicle)
Team
IV: Modes of Production
Team leader: Zafer TOPRAK, Bosphorus University, Istanbul
Seminars
1997
American University in Cairo, Seminar organised by
Nelly Hanna
Reconsiderations of the Economic History of the Middle East (part one)
22/2/1997
Abbas Hamdani,
Wisconsin University, Milwaukee, USA, The Rasail Ikhwan al-Safa and the
controversy over the origins of the guilds in the medieval Islamic world
Mohamed Hakim,
Cairn University, The Egyptian village: homogeneity or exploitation ?
Issam Isawi,
Cairo University, Ciftlik and uhd under Muhammad Ali
Armin Kredian,
American University of Cairo, The private papers of an Armenian merchant
family in the Ottoman Empire 1912-1914
22/3/1997
Muna Atallah,
Cairo University, Railway stations: space and social life in 19th century
Egypt
Elizabeth Sartain,
American University of Cairo, Trade with Nubia
Rasha al-Gammal,
American University of Cairo, Class patterns of consumption in early 19th
century Egypt
Nicolas Michel,
IFAO, Cairo, Individuality and collectivity in the agricultural economy of
precolonial Morocco
Pascale Ghazaleh,
American University of Cairo, The manufactory at al-Khurunfish: an experiment in industrialisation?
24/5/ 1997
Ghislaine Alleaume,
CNRS, CEDEJ, Cairo, The currency crisis and economic decline
Mohamed Hakim,
Cairo University, The jitlik:
between individualisation and militarisation
Eberhard Kienle,
CEDEJ, Cairo, State and economy in 20th century Syria
Amina Elbendary, American University of Cairo, The worst of times: crisis management in al-Shidda al-Uzma
Peter Gran,
Temple University, Pennsylvania, USA, Modern Egyptian history - beyond
enigmas
1998
American University in Cairo, Seminar organised by
Nelly Hanna
Reconsiderations in the Economic History of the
Middle East (part two)
28/2/1998: Individual behaviour and finances
Sevket Pamuk,
Bosphorus University, Istanbul, Istanbul and Cairo in the Ottoman monetary
system, 16th-19th centuries
Abdel Aziz Ezzel
Arab, American University of Cairo, An inquiry into the significance
of April 1879 in the history of Egypt before the British occupation
Yehia Muhammad Ahmad,
Tanta University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Britains abandonment of the gold
standard and its effects in Egypt, 1914-1945
Sayed Ashmawi,
Cairo University, The image of the Greek moneylender in Egyptan historical
memory, late 19th- early 20th centuries
Ramadan al-Khuli,
Ayn Shams University, Managing the property of orphans in the Ottoman
period
Muhammad AfifI,
Cairo University, Economic policies of waqf in Ottoman times
29/3/1998: Merchants and trade, economics of
labor
Stewart Sears,
American University of Cairo, Grand theories: the rise and fall of the Pirenne thesis
Sadok Boubaker,
Tunis University, Des marchands et des modes of denrichissement dans la
Rgence de Tunis, 17e - au dbut du 19e sicle
Ahmad Abdel
Latif, American University of Cairo, The Avierino: a Greek entrepreneurial family in modern
Egypt
Iman Farag,
CEDEJ, Cairo, Egypts unemployment crisis of the 1930s
John Chalcraft,
New York University, The fall of the guilds in Egypt, 1876-1892
Elizabeth Horsting,
American University of Cairo, Feminization of two villages - social ad
economic effects of male out-migration: the example of two Syrian villages
16/5/1998: The individual, political economy,
economy and class
Paul Sullivan,
American University of Cairo, The economic road to conflict - Palestine
1881-1948
Peter Gran,
Temple University, Pennsylvania, USA, The age of Ismailian Egyptian
Risorgimento (natural awakening)
Fanny Colonna,
CEDEJ, Cairo, Microhistory
and the re-examination of pauperist paradigms: the emergence of Badissian islah in Aurs (Algeria), 1930-1940
Ivan Ivekovic,
American University of Cairo, and Karim KHALIL, American University of Cairo, Violence
from above and violence from below in the Middle East: a historical retrospective
Corinne Morisot,
IFAO, Cairo, Material conditions of life of the doormen (bawwb) in medieval Cairo: an example of the use of waqfiyt as sources for economic and social
history
Imad Hilal Shams
Eldin, Zaqaziq Univerty, Banha, Slaves and agriculture in 19th
century Egypt
13/6/1998: Ottoman individuals, economies and
economics
Mohamed Hakim,
Cairo University, Speaking in tongues: the late Ottomanization of Egyptin historiography
and the elimination of social communication from the Muhammad Ali period
Magdi Abdul Hafiz,
Helwan University, The fortunes of ulam and the effects on their political roles,
1790-1805
Pascale Ghazaleh,
American University of Cairo, Artisans in early 19th century
Cairo
Fatma al-Zahraa Langhi, American University of Cairo, Family structure in
Ottoman Palestine: a
study on class and gender in Palestine in the 18th and 19th
centuries
Dara Santina,
Cairo University, The tikiyyas
of Mecca and Madina in the 19th century
Abdel-Raziq Issa,
Ayn Shams University, Financial resources of judges in Egypt in the 18th
century
Husam Abd
al-Muti, Mansura University, Trade in Indian textiles during the
Ottoman period
1999
American University in Cairo, Seminar
organised by Nelly Hanna
Making a Living: Between
the Possible and the Impossible
26-28 February 1999
Emad Ahmad Helal,
Zaqaziq University, Banha, The Profession of Prostitution in 19th
century Cairo
Randi Deguilhem,
CNRS, IREMAM-MMSH, Aix-en-Provence, The Kadak Contract and Commercial
Properties in 19th century Damascus: Restrictions and Economic Movement for the
Individual
Abdel Karim Rafeq,
William & Mary University, Maryland, USA/Damascus University, Making a
Living or Making a Fortune: The
Interplay between Individuals and Institutions in Ottoman Syria
Michel Halim,
Helwan University, Cairo, Sewage Workers in Qina and Aswan
Salah Ahmed Haridi
Ali, Alexandria University, Damanhour, The Role of Professionals in
the Economic Development during the Muhammad Ali Era
Anne Kazazian,
CEDEJ, Cairo, Armenian Bankers in the Service of Muhammad Ali
Amal Ibrahim Abou
Sitta, Cairo University, The Poor of Fustat in the Fatimid Period: A Historical Survey of their Means of
Gaining a Living
Nickolas S. Hopkins,
American University in Cairo, How to be a Small Farmer in late 20th
century Egypt: Institutions and
Choices
Mark Sedgwick,
American University in Cairo, Sufi Economics: The Rationale for the Promotion and Prevention of
Economic Activity by Suft Tariqas
Sayed Ashmawi,
Cairo University, Cairo Street Vendors in the 20th century: A Historical Survey of the Role of Some
Marginal Groups in Egyptian Society
Ghada Barsoum,
Amercian University in Cairo, Graduates of a Lower Socio-economic
Background
Amnah Hegazi
Abdo, Center of Contemporary History of Egypt, Cairo, The Egyptian
novel in the first half of the 20th century: A socio-economic perspective
Husam Abd
al-Muti, Mansura University, The Sharaybi Family
Abdel Hamid Hamed
Sulayman, Mansoura University, Dumyat, The Relationship between the
Villages in Lower Egypt during Ottoman Ties: A Documentary Survey
Karine TArIne,
CEDEJ, Cairo, The Young Coptic Generation in Cairo dealing with Work: From Family to Church, the Role of
Associations in Professional Integration
Magdi Guirguis,
Cairo University, Financial Resources for Coptic Church Men in the 19th
century
Abdel Razik Essa,
Ain Shams University, The Means through which Judges Assistants Gain a
Living in the Egyptian Courts in the 18th century
Abeer Hassan Abdel
Baqy, Zaqaziq University, British Employees in British Administration
between the Two World Wars (1919-1939)
IREMAM-MMSH, Aix-en-Provence, Workshop
organised by Jean-Paul PASCUAL
Pauvret et richesse
dans le monde musulman mditerranen
2-3 April 1999
Eric Chaumont,
CNRS, IREMAM-MMSH, Aix-en-Provence, Pauvret et richesse dans le Coran
(telles quinterprtes par quelques exgtes)
Mahmoud Yazbak,
Haifa University, Social and Economic Features of the Waqf - Nablus
1650-1700
Gabriel Audisio,
CNRS, TELEMME-MMSH, De la pauvret gnrale la pauvret reserve : les Vaudois (Xlle - XVIe sicle)
Randi Deguilhem,
CNRS, IREMAM-MMSH, Aix-en-Provence, Le salut de l'individu : la perspective religieuse du don de
richesse dans les documents de fondation de waqf
Roland Gayraud,
CNRS, LAMM-MMSH, Pauvret et richesse en terre gyptienne au Moyen-Age : les indices de larchologie
Manuela Marn, CSIC, Madrid, Nourriture du pauvre,
nourriture de riche en Islam mdival
Amy Singer,
Tel Aviv University, The Priviledged Poor of Ottoman Jerusalem
Gilles Veinstein,
Collge de France, Paris, Riches et pauvres dans la vision du sultan
ottoman
14-15 May 1999
Leila Fawaz,
Tufts University, Boston, USA, workshop chair
Abd al-Karim Rafeq,
William & Mary College, Williamsburg, USA/Damascus University, The
individual in relation to poverty and wealth in Ottoman Damascus
Brigitte Marino,
IFEAD, Damascus, Le militaire Damas au XVIIIe sicle
Abdelhamid Hnia,
Tunis University, Le vocabulaire de la richesse et de la pauvret en
Tunisie au XVIIIe et au XIXe sicle
Suraiya Faroqhi,
Munich University, The individual, wealth and guilds in 17th
century Anatolia
Sylvie Denoix,
CNRS, IREMAM-MMSH, Aix-en-Provence, Des waqfs mamluks et lindividu
Colette Establet,
Provence University, and Jean-Paul Pascual CNRS, IREMAM-MMSH, Aix-en-Provence,
Des fortunes des individus Damas au XVllle sicle
Nelly Hanna,
American University of Cairo, The poor woman, the rich woman in 18th
century Cairo
Dina Rizk Khoury,
George Washington University, USA, Wealth and the individual in 18th and 19th century Iraq
Meropi Anastassiadou,
CNRS, Strasbourg, Lindividu et la soupe populaire Istanbul au XVllle
sicle
Faruk Bilici,
INALCO, Paris, Lindividu et la soupe populaire en Anatolie au XVIIe et au
XVIIle sicle
Workshops
1997
Bosphorus University, Istanbul, organised by Zafer Toprak
Individual and Enrichment in the
Mediterranean Muslim World,
5-7 September 1997
Zafer Toprak,
Bosphorus University, Istanbul, organiser
Gretty Mirdal,
Copenhagen University, workshop chair
Leila Fawaz,
Tufts University, Boston, USA, workshop chair
Mropi Anastassiadou,
CNRS, Strasbourg, Proprit foncire et embourgeoisement : l'exemple du quartier dOsman Aga Kadiky
vers 1875
Sadok Boubaker,
Tunis University, Le mcanisme de lenrichissement marchand Tunis (XVIIe
- dbut XIXe sicles)
Amina al-Bindari,
American University of Cairo, The worst of times: crisis management and al-shidda al-uzma
Randi Deguilhem,
CNRS, IREMAM, Aix-en-Provence, Enrichment via speculation of waqf urban
properties in the 19th century Ottoman Empire
Edhem Eldem,
Bosphorus University, Istanbul 1903-1918: a quantitative analysis of a bourgeoisie
Hakan Erdem,
Bosphorus University, The price of human merchandise: slave prices in the 19th century
Ottoman Empire
Ersilia Fransesca,
Naples University, Religion and spirit of capitalism: the Ibdi case
Pascale Ghazaleh,
American University of Cairo, The manufactory at al-Khurunfish: an experiment in industrialization
Nelly Hanna,
American University of Cairo, The state, the economy and getting rich
before 1800
Claudia Kickinger,
Vienna University, Galloping capitalism, smiling modernity and the
progressing dissolution of the professional corporations
Brigitte Marino,
IFEAD, Damascus, Quelques remarques sur les askar dans la seconde moiti du XVIIIe sicle
Sevket Pamuk,
Bosphorus University, Istanbul, Money, society and state in the Ottoman
Middle East
Munich University, Workshop organised by Suraiya Faroqhi
Ottoman Guilds, 16th-19th Centuries
24-25 October 1997
Gisela Prohazka-Eisl,
Vienna University, A literary account of Ottoman artisans: the surname of 1582
Gilles Veinstein,
EHESS, Paris, Taxation, prestations and 16th century Ottoman
esnaf
Isik Tamdogan-Abel,
EHESS, Paris, Adana artisans in the 18th century
Eleni Gara,
Vienna University, Craftsmen in 17th century Karaferye
Randi Deguilhem,
CNRS, IREMAM-MMSH, Aix-en-Provence, New light on the artisans of 19th
century Damascus
Claudia Kickinger,
Munich University, Changing technologies among Cairo coppersmiths
Suraiya Faroqhi, Munich University, Disputes
among Istanbul guilds in the 18th century
1998
Topkapi Palace, The Imperial Mint (Istanbul), Workshop organised by Zafer TOPRAK
3-5 July 1998
Meropi Anastassiadou,
CNRS, Strasbourg, Labandon denfants Istanbul au XIXe sicle
Sadok Boubaker,
Tunis University, Milieu marchand et enrichissement individuel Tunis
lՎpoque moderne
Hakan Erden,
Bosphorus University, Istanbul, Ottoman social history
Suraiya Faroqhi,
Munich University, Sources on the history of Ottoman esnaf
Francois Georgeon,
EHESS, Paris, Journal dun bourgeois dIstanbul en 1915 et 1919
Claudi Kickinger,
Vienna University, Relations of production in the light of the Kitab al-Dhakahir
Brigeitte Marino,
IFEAD, Damascus, Poursuite des recherches sur les askar de Damas dans la seconde moiti du
XVllle sicle
Donald Quataert,
Binghamton Univesity, New York, USA, The organization of labor in the
coalfields of Zonguldak, 1820-1920
Jean-Paul Pascual,
CNRS, IREMAM-MMSH, Aix-en-Provence, Pauvret et richesse dans le monde musulman
mditerranen :
suggestions sur quelques approches
Team
V: Images and
Representations
Team leader: Robin OSTLE, St. Johns College, Oxford
University
Seminars
1996-1997
Oxford and Leiden Universities, organised by Robin Ostle and Remke Kruk
Individuation in Literature and Art: Marginal Voices
In Oxford:
24/10/1996: James
Montgomery, Leeds University, Of
sex and alcohol: the voice of Abu
Nuwas
31/10/1996: Asad
JabIr, Leiden University Writing
down the bones: the literature of
the intifada
7/11/1996: Ulrich Haarmann,
Kiel University, A marginal voice from 15th century Cairo: Abu Hamid al-Qudsi
14/11/1996: Arnoud Vrolijk,
Leiden University, Ali ibn Sudun and his critics
21/11/1996: Filiz Yenisehirlioglu,
Cambridge University, Creativity and the individual: how to find the architects signature
28/11/1996: Maarten Kossmann,
Leiden University, The invariablity of the Berber fairytale
30/1/1997: Geert Jan van Gelder,
Groningen University, The nodding noddles or jolting the yokels: a composition for marginal voices by
al-Shirbini (fl. 1687)
6/2/1997: Layla
Dasmal, Oxford University, Veiling
and unveiling in the short stories of an Emirates writer: Muhammad al-Murr
13/2/1997: Faustina
Aerts, Leiden University, Sirat
al-Iskandar: the marginal voice
of a popular romance
20/2/1997: Michelle Hartman,
Oxford University, Intertextuality and gender identity in Huda Barakats Ahl al-Hawa
27/2/1997: Maaike van Berkel,
Amsterdam University, al-Qalqashandi: the chancellor and his peer group
6/3/1997: Petra de Bruijn,
Leiden University, Nineteenth century Turkish Orta Oyunu: folk theatre in performance
In Leiden:
27/9/1996: Arnoud Vrolijk,
Leiden University, Ali ibn Sudun and his critics
1/11/1996: Andrew Lane,
Oxford University, Experiences of a Sufi cheikh on the margins of society: Abd al-Ghani ibn Ismail al-Nabulsi
(1641-1731)
Maarten Kossmann,
Leiden University, The invariability of the Berber fairytale
13/12/1996: Emma Westney,
Oxford University, The caf man: the short stories of Zakaria Tamir
Asad Jabir,
Leiden University, Writing down the bones: the literature of the intifada
24/1/1997: Petra de Bruijn,
Leiden University, Nineteenth century Turkish Orta Oyunu: folk theatre in performance
Layla Dasmal,
Oxford University, Veiling and unveiling in the short stories of an
Emirates writer: Muhammad al-Murr
28/2/1997: Faustina Aerts,
Leiden University, Sirat al-Iskandar: the marginal voice of a popular romance
Debbie Cox,
Oxford University, Gender and self-representation: Rachid Boujedras Lailiyat Imraah Ariq
21/3/1997: Geert Jan van Gelder,Groningen
University, ash-Shirbini
Michelle Hartman,
Oxford University, Intertextuality and gender identity in Huda Barakats Ahl al-Hawa
2/5/1997: Maaike van Berkel,
Amsterdam University, al-Qalqashandi: the chancellor and his peer group
Workshops
1997
Bern, Workshop organised by Christoph Brgel
Poets / Writers Missions as seen by
themselves
14-16 July 1997
N. al-Bagdadi,
American University of Beirut, Zur Spannung zwischen Vergesellschaftung und
Individualisierung bei den Literati der 1870-90er Jahr
J. C. Brgel,
Bern University, The poet and his demon Imrualqays and after
S. Enderwitz,
Free University, Berlin, Der Auftrag des (palaestinensischen)
Selbstbiographen
H. Faehndrich,
Die Funktion der Intellektuellen bei Abdalqddir al-Ganabi
P. Furrer,
Bern University, Vom Auftrag des Schriftstellers zur Aufgabe der Lesserin -
Uber die Tuchen der Metafiktion bei Bilge Karasu und Pinar Kur
E. Glassen,
Das Recht auf Dichtung - Orhan Veli Kanik (1914-1950) und Garip
S. Guth,
Bern University, Postmodernism, apoliticality, settling accounts - on
Ahmet Altan's Drt Mevsim Sonbahar
R. Haag-Higuchi,
Mission cancelled - new trends in Persian prose literature after the
Islamic Revolution of 1979
P. Kappert,
Ahmed Hdsim (1884-1933) und sein dichterisches Selbstverstaendnis
V. Klemm,
Ideals and reality - European ideals of literary commitment in the
postcolonial Middle East: the
case of 'Abdalwahhdb al-Baydti
S. Leder,
Halle University, Formen des Autorenschaffens in der vormodernen
Bildungsliteratur
A. Neuwirth,
German Orient-Institute, Beirut, Poetry as a sacrificial act - Mahmd
Darwishs restaging of the mystic lover's relation towards a superhuman beloved
R. Ostle,
St. Johns College, Oxford University, Poet, individual and society - the
case of Ab l-Qsim al-Shbbi
W. Roos,
Zettelt eure Kriege an, bevor die andern es tun, und folgt mir! - Zum
Auftrag des
Schriftstellers nach Salim Barakdts
autobiographischen Schriften
I. Stumpel,
Zum Selbstverstaendnis moderner iranischer Autorinnen
C. Szyska,
Najib al-Kildni on his career or how to become an ideal Muslim writer
G. J. van Gelder,
Groningen University, Persons as texts,texts as persons in classical Arabic
literature
R. van Leeuwen,
Independent Scholar, Amsterdam, The poet and his space - the prose works of
Mahmd Darwish
S. Weidner,
Huter der Verwandlung? Die gesellschaftliche Relevanz hermetischer Dichtung
im Spiegel des Werks von Adnis
R. Wielandt,
Befreiung wozu? Autobiographische Romane und schriftstellerisches
Selbstverstaendnis von Suhayl Idris
Florence, Workshop organised by Robin Ostle and Michael Gilsenan
Images and Representations
26-28 September 1997
Richard van Leeuwen,
Independent Scholar, Amsterdam, Marginality and disguise in the stories of
Qamar al-Zaman, Asad and Amjad
Philip Kennedy,
New York University, The poetics of recognition in medieval Arabic
literature: a provisional
taxonomy
Gillain Vogelsang-Eastwood,
Rijksuniversitet, Groningen, Images of Mamluk women
Filiz Yenisehirlioglu,
Cambridge University, How to find the architects signature?
Vlad Atanasiu,
Sorbonne, Paris, Le chaos :
rponses individuelles l'influence de la frquence des lettres en calligaphie
Karin Adahl,
Museum of Mediterranean and Near Eastern Antiquities, Uppsala University,
Stockholm, The Islamic ornament in Western art - influences in disguise
Christoph Brgel,
Institut fur Islamswissenschaft, Bern, The guise and disguise of poverty in
poetry
Reem Saad,
American University in Cairo, The shaykh has no clothes?
G. J. J. van Gelder,
Rijks University, Groningen, Buffoons high and low
Remke Kruk,
Rijksuniversitet, Groningen, Heroes and anti-heroes in Arabian popular epic: Umar and al-Battal
Michael Gilsenan,
New York University, Buffoons and heroes in a contemporary Lebanese setting
Robin Ostle,
St. Johns College, Oxford University, Individual and individuation from
medieval to modem times
1998
Topkapi Palace, The Imperial Mint (Istanbul), Workshop organised by Robin
OSTLE
3-5 July 1998
Karin Adahl,
Museum of Mediterranean and Near Eastern Antiquities, Uppsala University,
Stockholm, Foreign pain terslartists and patrons in 18th century
Istanbul
Suat Alp,
Hacettepe University, Ankara, Arts and symbols in the Sufi tradition
Christoph J. Brgel,
Bern University, The guise and disguise of poverty in early Arabic poetry
Jean-Charles Depaule,
CNRS, IREMAM-MMSH, Aix-en-Provence, A place of owns own: text, space and the individual
Elif Gokcigdem,
Figural representation in Seljuk metalwork
Stephan Guth,
Bern University, Individuation in modem Turkish literature
Sabry Hafez,
SOAS, London, The Arab intellectual in the 17th and 18th
centuries
Remke Kruk,
Rijks University, Groningen, Polygamy as an issue in Arabic popular epic
Ulrich Marzolph,
Marchens Encyclopedia, Gttingen University, Sanitizing humour: Islamic Mediterranean jocular tradition in
a comparative perspective
Luitgard Mols,
CNWS Research School, Leiden, The personal stamp in Mamluk ironwork
Tarkan Okcuoglu,
Istanbul University, Wall paintings: the ideal space in the Ottoman imagination
Robin Ostle,
St. Johns College, Oxford University, Individuation in modem Arabic from
rihla to autobiography
G. J. H. van Gelder,
Rijks University, Groningen, Disguises in the maqamat of Ibn Nagiya (410/1020-485/1092)
Richard van Leeuwen,
Independent Scholar, Amsterdam, Marginal roles and marginal spaces in Alf Layla wa-Layla: the story of Hasan
al-Basri
Dilek Yacin
and G. Gokalp, Individual and
society in the 19th century Ottoman-Turkish novel
Filiz Yenisehirlioglu,
Hacettepe University, Ankara, Elements of privacy in Ottoman domestic
architecture pre and post 1700
1999
Rijks University, Groningen, Workshop organised by Robin OSTLE and Remke KRUK
Subversity in Literature
and Art in the Premodern Period
28-29 January 1999
Geert Jan van Gelder,
Oxford University
Donald S. Richards,
Oxford University, Mamluk Sources
Robert Irwin,
London, Chivalry and Gangsterism in Medieval Cairo
Ulrich Marzolph,
Marchens Encyclopedia, Gttingen University, Subversive vs. stabilizing. Historical aspects of jokes in Near Eastern
societies
Christoph Brgel,
Bern University, The subversive in Islamic art
Filiz Yenisehirlioglu,
Hacettepe University, Ankara, Sculpture as a Challenge in Art
Boaz Shoshan,
Beersheva University, The harafish in the Mamluk era
Richard van Leeuwen,
Independent Scholar, Amsterdam, Challenging Symbols of Power
Jo van Steenbergen,
Catholic University of Louvain-la-Neuve
Gino Schallenbergh,
Catholic University of Louvain-la-Neuve
Arnoud Vrolijk,
Leiden University, Ibn Sudun
Remke Kruk,
Rijks University, Groningen
2000
Cairo, Workshop organised by Robin OSTLE
Subversity in Literature and Art in the
Premodern Period
23-27 March 2000
Magdi ABD AL-HAFIZ, The Individual and the
Age of Laicity in Egypt
Robin OSTLE, Oxford University, Individual,
Text and Ideology
Anshuman MONDAL, SOAS, London, Subject, Text
and Nation: Situating Narrative,
Theorizing Identity
Hala FUAD, Paths of Individuation in
Contemporary Sufism
Huda AL-SADDAH, Re-Constructing the Female
Individual
Muna TULBAH, Individuation and the Female
Voice
Michelle HARTMAN, Hofstra University, USA, Language,
Individual and Community in Lebanese Womens Literature
Anna ZAMBELLI-SESSONA, Oxford University, Marginalities
in Tawfiq Fayyads Umm
al-Khayr and al-Bahlul
Izz al-Din HADDOUR, University College, London,
Mythopoetics and Politics:
Colonial Algeria in Myths and Counter Myths
Marie-Thrse ABD AL-MASLIH, Alexandria in
the 19th and 20th Century: Individual and Society in Literature and Art
Fatimah ISMAIL, Individual and Society in
Contemporary Egyptian Art
Jean-Charles DEPAULE, CNRS, IREMAM-MMSH,
Aix-en-Provence, Individual, Text and Space
Win-Chen OUYANG, SOAS, London, Imagined
Communities, Text and Space in the Poetry of Badr Shakir al-Sayayb
Stephan GUTH, Bern University, Individuality
Lost, Fun Gained, Observations on Turkish and Arabic Novels of the 1980s and
1990s
Sabry HAFEZ, SOAS, London, Closed Horizons: The Impasse of the Individual in Recent
Egyptian Novels
Muhammad BADAWI, The Post-Modern Individual
in the Contemporary Egyptian Novel
Sayyid YASIN, The Individual in the Age of
the Death of Ideology
Team
VI: Religious activity and
experience
Team leader: Mercedes Garca-Arenal, CSIC, Madrid
Seminars
1996-1997
CSIC, Madrid, Seminar organised by Mercedes Garca-Arenal and Fernando Rodrguez Mediano
Political Language,
Action and Religion
7/2/1997: Mounira Chapoutot-Remadi,
Tunis University, Le sultan mamluk, un souverain lu
18/2/1997: David Waines,
Lancaster University, Ali Abd al-Rziq revisited
28/2/1997: Knut Vikor,
Bergen University, Jihd, ilm and tasawwuf: Two justifications of war from the Idrisi
tradition
7/3/1997: Joanna Wronecka,
Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Le langage politique dibn Arabi
daprs son Kitb al-tadbira
al-ilhiyya f islh al-manlaka al-insniyya
11/31997: Tilman Seidensticker,
Martyrs and martyrdom in Islam
14/3/1997: Jocelyne Dakhlia,
CNRS, EHESS, Paris, Le langage de la marge politique
21/3/1997: Francisco Rodrguez Manas, CSIC,
Madrid, Carisma y coercion :
la legitimacion religiosa de la apropiacion en Marruecos (ss. XVI - XVII)
11/4/1997: Fernando Rodrguez Mediano, CSIC,
Madrid, La justicia del santo :
modelos de castigo en el lenguaje religioso
18/4/1997: Mercedes Garca-Arenal, CSIC, Madrid, El Imam y el Mahdi : Ibn Abi Mahali
7/5/1997: Patrice Cressier,
Casa de Valasquez, Madrid, Discurso arquitectonico, mensaje politico y
escenografia del poder : el
pape! de la decoracion monumental del emirato al final de la Edad Media
9/5/1997: Maribel Fierro,
CSIC, Madrid, Tres modelos de activistas religiosos y politicos en el Islam
occidental : ibn Ysin, ibn
Tmart y ibn Qasi
9/6/1997: Houart Touarti,
EHESS, Paris, La dawla : de
lattente chiliastique au tour de force violent
19/6/1997: Sandra Houot,
IFEAD, Damascus, De la religion lՎthique. Exemple dune morale religieuse musulmane
contemporaine
1998
Lund University (Sweden), Seminar organised
by Jan Hjrpe
Political Language,
Action and Religion
Oddbjom Leirvik,
Oslo University, Conscience in Modem Egyptian Islam and in Christian-Muslim
dialogue: Abbas Mahmud
al-Aqqad, Fathi Uthman, Kamil Husayn, Khaid Muhammad, Sayyid Qutb
Garbi Schmidt,
Lund University, Religious experience and activity among Muslim students
associations in Chicago
Bergen University (Norway), Seminar organised
by Knut Vikor
Political Language,
Action and Religion
16/01/98: Knut S. Vikor,
Bergen University, Poltical language, action and religion. An overview and introduction
30/01/98: Maribel Fierro,
CSIC, Madrid, The religious and legal policy of the Almohads
13/02/98: R. S. OFahey,
Bergen University, Reformers, rejectors and ignorers: remarks on a relationship
6/03/98: Anh Nga Longva,
Bergen University, Democracy between tribalism and Islam: the perspectives form Kuwait
13/03/98: Reinhard Schulze,
Bern University, The ethnization of Islamic culture in the late 20th
century
27/03/98: Mete Pamir,
Bergen University, Turkish state-religion relations in historical
comparative perspective
24/04/98: Philip Hallden,
Lund University, The Arabic Demosthenes, metarhetorics in Islamic tradition
and contemporary practice
8/05/98: Jonas Svesson,
Lund University, Theological legitimation of womens rights in a
contemporary Islamic discourse
29/05/98: Catharina Raudvere,
Lund University, The use of disorder: the devlopment of zikr riturals in contemporary Istanbul
Workshops
1997
Rome, Worskhop organised by Mercedes Garca-Arenal
Conversion to Islam in the Mediterranean
Muslim World
4-6 September 1997
Frdric Abcassis,
Blaise Pascal University, La conversion, chant du cygne de lappartenance
communautaire ?
Camilla Adang,
CSIC, Madrid, From Mlikism to Shfiism to Zhirism: the conversion of Ibn Yazm
Stefano Allievi,
Milan University, Les conversions des Europens lislam : continuits et changements
Carmela Baffioni,
Naples University, Conversion in the Epistles of the Ikwn al-Saf
Salvatore Bono,
Perugia University, Conversion to Islam during colonial times
Giovanna Calasso,
Rome University, Rcits de conversion, zle dvotionnel et instruction
religieuese dans les biographies des gens de Basra du Kitb al-tabaqt de Ibn Sad (IXe sicle). Rflexions autour de la notion de
conversion selon lIslam
Dominique de Courcelles,
University of Paris III, Lessing (1729-1781) et la conversion lislam
dun pasteur du XVIe sicle
Jocelyne Dakhlia,
CNRS, EHESS, Paris, Les convertis de cours et leur rinscription familiale
et sexuelle : Maghreb XVe - XIXe
sicles
Hassan Elboudrari,
CNRS, EHESS, Paris, Conversion spirituelle en islam et rupture dans
lidentit
Bat-Zion Eraqi-Klorman,
The forced conversion of Jewish orphans in Yemen
Pierre-Antoine Fabre,
CNRS, EHESS, Paris, La conversion infinie des conversos : enqute sur le statut des nouveaux
chrtiens dans la Compagnie de Jsus au XVIe sicle
Maribel Fierro,
CSIC, Madrid, The persecution and conversion of heretics and apostates in
al-Andalus
Mercedes Garca-Arenal, CSIC, Madrid, Dreams and reason: autobiographies of converts in religious
polemics
Amel Grami,
De la conversion lapostasie
Bernard Heyberger,
Haute Alsace University, Frontires confessionnelles et conversions chez
les chrtiens orientaux (XVII - XVllle sicle)
Mohammed Kenbib,
Rabat University, Les conversions dans le Maroc contemporain (1860-1956). Prsentation et tude dun corpus
Mohammed Kerrou,
Tunis University, Logiques de labjuration et la conversion lislam en
Tunisie aux XIXe et XXe sicles
Claire Mouradian,
CNRS, EHESS, Paris, Forced conversion to Islam of Armenians in the Ottoman
Empire
Mayte Penelas,
CSIC, Granada, A new approach in conversion to Islam in al-Andalus
Bernard Vincent,
CNRS, EHESS, Paris, La conversion des musulmans dans lEspagne du XVlle
sicle
David J. Wasserstein,
Tel Aviv University, Conversion and the Islamization of the Jews
Jerzy Zdanowski,
Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Conversion and culture. From the experience of the Arabian Mission
1998
Topkapi Palace, The Imperial Mint (Istanbul), Workshop organised by Mercedes
Garca-ARENAL
3-5 July 1998
Camilla Adang,
Tel Aviv University, Ibn Hazm on fitna
Giovanna Calasso,
Rome University, La dimension individuelle entre hagiographie et rcits de
voyage : tmoignage oculaire
et exprience
Hassan Elboudrari,
EHESS, Paris, Dieu et moi :
un sublime face face. De
quelques expriences limites de religiosit individuelle en Islam
Ana Fernandes Felix,
CSIC, Madrid, Children on the margins of Islam. Ways of belonging to Islam according to Maliki
jursiprudence
Maribel Fierro,
CSIC, Madrid, Muslim self-exclusion from the community: the ghuraba in al-Andalus in the sixth / twelfth
century
Mercedes Garca-Arenal, CSIC, Madrid, The pure and the believer: tahara in the creation and confirmation of Muslim
identity
Leah Kinberg,
Tel Aviv University, Dreams in Islam: the individuals experience as it applies to the
Community
Fernando Rodrguez Mediano, CSIC,
Madrid, Lexprience de la crainte dans les rcits hagiographiques
maghrbins
Knut S. Vikor,
Bergen University, Muhammadan piety and Islamic enlightenment: survey of a historiographical debate
David Waines,
Lancaster University, Piety and food for the gods
G. A. Wiegers,
Rijks University, Groningen, Processes of conversion among Moriscos and New
Muslims in the Maghrib in the first half of the seventeenth century
Joanna Wronecka,
Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Lexprience damour chez Ibn Arabi
Team
VII : Muslims
in Contemporary Western Europe
Team leader: Felice DASSETTO, Catholic University of
Louvain-la-Neuve
Workshops
1996
Catholic University of Louvain-la-Neuve,
organised by Felice Dassetto
Dfinition de la
problmatique sur les nouveaux discours islamiques en Europe
25-26 October 1996
Stefano Allievi,
Milan University, Le discours des convertis
Felice Dassetto,
Catholic University of Louvain-la-Neuve, Discours de jeunes musulmans,
interviews
B. Duprez,
Le repertoire normatif islamique en contexte europen
Jorgen Grignard,
Free University of Brussels, Analyse de tracts du GIA
Brigitte Marchal,
Catholic University of Louvain-la-Neuve, La notion de la libert chez des
jeunes femmes islamises
Olivier Roy,
CNRS, CERI, Paris, Productions individuelles de discours islamiques
1997
National Foundation for Political Science,
Paris, organised by Felice Dassetto
Dfinition de la
thmatique des appartenances
31 January - 1 February 1997
Stefano Allievi,
Milan University
Anna Bozzo,
Rome University
Felice Dassetto,
Catholic University of Louvain-la-Neuve
Philip Lewis,
Leeds University
Gretty Mirdal,
Copenhagen University
Olivier Roy,
CNRS, CERI, Paris
Jorgen Baek
Simonsen, Copenhagen University
Catholic University of Louvain-la-Neuve,
organised by Felice Dassetto
Muslims in Contemporary
Western Europe
25-27 September 1997
Stefan Allievi,
Milan University, La production intellectuelle des convertis lislam
Valrie Amiraux,
Marc Bloch Center, Berlin, Stratgies dintgration individuelle et
structures collectives : les
Turcs en Allemagne
Anna Bozzo,
Rome University, Islam, socit civile et citoyennet sur les deux rives de
la Mditerrane lՉge de la mondialisation
Jocelyne Csari,
CNRS, IREMAM-MMSH, Aix-en-Provence, La querelle des anciens et des modernes
dans le discours islamique franais
Felice Dassetto,
Catholic University of Louvain-la-Neuve, Discours musulman dEurope. A propos de la plaquette : le statut des moines
Franck Frgosi,
CNRS, Strasbourg, Lacit et identit musulmane chez Tarik Ramadan : le discours de la mthode
Gerdien Jonker,
Center for Modern Oriental Studies, Berlin, New perspectives on Islamic
conduct in the German diaspora
Gretty Mirdal,
Copenhagen University, The concept of identity, self and non-self in
migration research:
definitions and illustrations
Jonas Otterbeck,
Lund University, Salaam.
Analysis of the messages of a monthly Islamic journal
Olivier Roy,
CNRS, CERI, Paris, Lindividualisation dans lislam europen contemporain
Jorgen Baek
Simonsen, Copenhagen University, Muslim Discourses in Denmark
Gaby Strassburger,
Migration and Intercultural Institute, Onasbrck, Fundamentalism and human
rights: headscarf discourses
in a French town
Mano Ural,
Saint-Louis University, Brussels, Individualisation du discours et des
pratiques de la confrrie Naksibendi. Une amorce de scularisation
Jacques Waardenburg,
Lausanne University, What is normative Islam?
1998
Catholic University of Louvain-la-Neuve, organised
by Felice Dassetto
Conversion lIslam en Europe
contemporaine
30-31 January 1998
Stefano Allievi,
Milan University
Felice Dassetto,
Catholic University of Louvain-la-Neuve
Sarah Daynes
Setta el-Houari
Ali Kose,
TDV, Istanbul
Lewis K. Rambo,
San Fransisco Theological Seminary
Pedro Antonio Sanchez
Madeleine Sultan,
Faculty of Theology, Uppsala
Monika Wolrab-Sahr,
Free University, Berlin
Thomas Luckmann,
Constance University
Topkapi Palace, The Imperial Mint (Istanbul), Workshop organised by Felice DASSETTO
Perspectives of the Muslim
individual in Contemporary Europe
3-5 July 1998
Stefano Allievi,
Milan University, Conversions to Islam in Europe
Valerie Amiraux,
Marc Bloch Center, Berlin, Jeunes musulmanes turques dAllemagane. Voix et voies de lindividuation
Anna Bozzo,
Rome University, Islam in Western Europe
Jocelyne Csari,
CNRS, 1REMAM-MMSH, Aix-en-Provence, New generations of Muslims in France: the issue of pluralism
Felice Dassetto,
Catholic University of Louvain-la-Neuve, Discours individuels et
appartenances collectives dans (islam contemporain)
Franck Frgosi,
CNRS, Strasbourg, Les concours discursifs dune reliogisit citoyenne : (exemple de Tariq Ramadan)
Gerdien Jonker,
Center for Modern Oriental Studies, Berlin, Islamic television programs
made in Berlin or how the center reaches out to the periphery
Ural Manco,
Saint Louis University, Brussels, Discours et pratiques de la confrrie Nakshibendi. Individualisme et embourgeoisement comme une
amorce de scularisation
Jonas Otterbeck,
Lund University, Salaam - analysis of an Islamic journal in Sweden
Olivier Roy,
CNRS, CERI, Paris, Lindividualisation dans l'islam europen contemporain
Jorgen Baek
Simonsen, Copenhagen University, The new Muslim discourse in Denmark
Gaby Strassburger,
Migration and Intercultural Institute, Osnabrck, Fundamentalism and human
rights: headscarf discourses
in a French town
Jacques Waardenburg,
Lausanne University, Normative Islam in Europe
1999
Workshop: Islam and Public Space, organized by Felice DASSETTO
Louvain-la-Neuve University, Louvain, 30 May
- 1 June 1999
Valerie Amiraux
(European Institute in Florence)
Ahmed Benani
(Lausanne University)
Mounia Benani-Chraibi
(Lausanne and Paris Universities)
Baudouin Dupret
(CEDEJ, Cairo)
Gerdien Jonker
(Center for Modern Oriental Studies, Berlin)
Mohamed Kerrou
(IRMC, Tunis)
Mohamed Tozy
(Casablanca University)
Brigitte Marchal
(Louvain-la-Neuve University)
2000
Cairo, Workshop organised by Felice DASSETTO
Islam and Public Space
Cairo, 25-28 May 2000
No information available
Abbreviations
AFEMAM Association
Franaise pour lEtude sur le Monde Arabe et Musulman
BRISMES British
Association for Middle East Studies
CEDEJ Centre
dEtudes et de Documentation Economique et Juridique (Cairo)
CERES Centre
dEtudes et de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (Tunis)
CERI Centre dEtudes et de Recherches
Internationales (Paris)
CNRS Centre
National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)
CSIC Consejo
Superior Investigaciones
Cientificas (Madrid)
EHESS Ecole
des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (Paris)
IFAO Institut
Franais dArchologie Orientale (Cairo)
IFEA Institut
Franais dEtudes Anatoliennes (Istanbul)
IFEAD Institut
Franais dEtudes Arabes de Damas (Damascus)
INALCO Institut
National des Langues et des Civilisations Orientales (Paris)
IREMAM Institut
de Recherches et dEtudes sur le Monde Arabe et Musulman (Aix-en-Provence)
IRMC Institut
de Recherche sur le Maghreb Contemporain (Tunis)
ISMM Individual
and Society in the Mediterranean
Muslim World programme
LAMM Laboratoire
dArchologie Mdivale Mditerranenne (Aix-en-Provence)
LSE London
School of Economics (London)
MESA Middle
East Studies Association of North America
META Middle East Technical University (Ankara)
MMSH Maison
Mditerranenne des Sciences de lHomme (Aix-en-Provence)
TAPRI Tampere
Peace Research Institute (Tampere, Finland)
TELEMME Temps,
Espaces, Langages Europe Mridionale Mditerranenne (Aix-en-Provence)
*****************************
This Final Report was written and compiled in
February 2003 in Aix-en-Provence by:
Dr. Randi Deguilhem,
habil.
charge de recherche CR1 habilite
CNRS, IREMAM-MMSH
ESF Scientific coordinator and Publication
Editor-in-Chief for ISSM programme
5 rue du chteau de lHorloge BP 647
with remarks by:
ESF chair and founder of ISSM programme
Professor Robert Ilbert
University of Aix-Marseille I, MMSH (founder and
director)
5 rue du chteau de lHorloge BP 647
[1] Abbreviations are
found at the end of this report.
[2] A summary of this programmes activities was published by Randi
Deguilhem, Seeking the Individual in the Mediterranean Muslim World, ISIM Newsletter (International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World),
Leiden, March 1999, p. 34.
[3] Most parts of the following descriptions of
individual team research have come from the Text of the ISMM programme written by the team leaders in
September 1996.